Empirical Research in the Field of Local Governments of Csongrád County

Acta Humana Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI:10.32566/ah.2019.2.1
Attila Badó
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Abstract

Following a change of government in 2010, the Hungarian local government system underwent a period of significant transformation. The question of how it is viewed and the effects it may have are currently being debated. However, the fact that 2011 saw a reform of a more than a 20-year-old unyielding system seems difficult to argue with. Laced with the democratic ideal of self-government, the Hungarian regime change of 1989 resulted in a fragmented local government system with a considerable degree of management authority. The system parted with its historic past preceding the socialist council system of 1950. While some post-socialist countries opted for the federal or integrated model of local governance, the Hungarian law on local governance adopted the principle of one municipality, one local authority.2 In the grace period of the ‘democratic euphoria’ that could even be sensed in various other fields3 at the time of the regime change, legislation fully enforcing the notion of local governance could be passed. It revealed legislative self-restraint often much missed nowadays, allowing local powers to grow even to the detriment of central ones. It soon became evident, however, that this low-functioning and fragmented system would not produce a perfect solution. The regulatory model necessarily contained a range of problematic points4 which could have long provided a basis for a fine-tuning of the local government system, if not a reform. However, the proposed transformation lacked political consensus and a twothirds majority needed for amendment. Consequently, the local government system could dwell in peace. Other post-socialist countries, such as the Czech Republic and Poland, had the opportunity to keep fine-tuning their elected models and make any necessary adjustments where needed. The Hungarian
Csongrád县域地方政府领域的实证研究
2010年政府换届后,匈牙利地方政府体制经历了重大变革。如何看待它以及它可能产生的影响的问题目前正在争论中。然而,2011年对20多年来坚不可摧的制度进行了改革,这一事实似乎难以辩驳。伴随着自治的民主理想,匈牙利1989年的政权更迭导致了一个支离破碎的地方政府体系,拥有相当程度的管理权力。该制度在1950年实行社会主义理事会制度之前,已经脱离了它的历史。虽然一些后社会主义国家选择了联邦或综合的地方治理模式,但匈牙利的地方治理法采用了一个市,一个地方当局的原则在政权更迭期间,在其他各个领域都能感受到的“民主喜悦”的宽限期内,可以通过立法,全面执行地方治理的概念。它揭示了如今常常被忽视的立法自我约束,允许地方权力的增长,甚至损害了中央权力。然而,很快就发现,这种功能低下且支离破碎的系统不会产生完美的解决方案。监管模式必然包含一系列问题,这些问题本来可以长期为地方政府体制的微调(如果不是改革的话)提供基础。然而,拟议的改革缺乏政治共识,修改需要三分之二的多数。因此,地方政府系统可以安居乐业。其他后社会主义国家,如捷克共和国和波兰,有机会继续微调他们的选举模式,并在必要时做出任何必要的调整。匈牙利
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