Evaluation of mandibular reconstruction plate using Finite Element Analysis

Abstract

The current clinical procedure for mandible fracture fixation is plate application. Implant success is a function of biomaterials and biomechanical factors, including: materials and material processing; mechanisms of implant/tissue attachment; mechanical properties; implant design; loading type; tissue properties; stress and strain distributions; initial stability and mechanisms of enhancing osseo integration; biocompatibility; and surface chemistry, mechanics, and bone-binding ability of the implant. 3D reconstructions are used to validate procedures numerically preceding experimental analysis. This study outlines the methods used to reconstruct a 3D model of the mandible and evaluating the miniplated mandible for normal functioning. A CT scan from a 22-year-old male patient with a healthy un fractured mandible and also CT scan of 22 year old patient with left symphaseal fracture, and CT scan post surgery ie plated mandible was obtained. A 3D reconstruction was carried out using MIMICS via thresholding and segmentation techniques. Boundary conditions and muscle forces were applied, and simulations were performed using ANSYS 10 workbench. 3D reconstruction allows for precise anatomical dimensions, which can be used for further engineering analysis. Using Finite Element Analysis results showed that the mandible model returned to normal function post-plating. The study shows the clinical relevance of 3D reconstructions to plan surgical procedures. Results illustrate the benefit of carrying out FEA as a prerequisite to experimental modeling and as a method of pre-validating surgical procedures.