Evaluation of MMCs for High-Power Low-Voltage DC-Applications in Combination with the Module LLC-Design

R. Unruh, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

In this paper, a full-bridge modular multilevel converter (MMC) and two half-bridge-based MMCs are evaluated for high-current low-voltage e.g. 100 – 400V DC-applications such as electrolysis, arc welding or datacenters with DC-power distribution. Usually, modular multilevel converters are used in high-voltage DC-applications (HVDC) in the multiple kV-range, but to meet the needs of a high-current demand at low output voltage levels, the modular converter concept requires adaptations. In the proposed concept, the MMC is used to step-down the three-phase medium-voltage of 10kV, and provide up to 1 MW to the load. Therefore, each module is extended by an LLC resonant converter to adapt to the specific electrolyzers DC-voltage range of 142 – 220V and to provide galvanic isolation. The six-arm MMC converter with half-bridge modules can be simplified and optimized by removing three arms, and thus halving the number of modules. In addition, the module voltage ripple and capacitor losses are decreased by 22% and 30% respectively. By rearranging the components of the half-bridge MMC to build a MMC consisting of grid-side full-bridge modules, the voltage ripple is further reduced by 78 % and capacitor losses by 64 %, while ensuring identical costs and volume for all MMCs. Finally, the LLC resonant converter is designed for the most efficient full-bridge MMC. The LLC can not operate at resonance with a fixed nominal module voltage of 770V because the output voltage is varying between 142 – 220V. By decreasing the module voltage down to 600V, additional points of operation can be operated in resonance, and the remaining are closer to resonance. The option to decrease the module voltage down to 600V, increases the number of required modules per arm from 12 to 15, which requires to balance the losses of the LLCs and the grid-side stages.
结合模块plc设计的大功率低压直流应用mmc评估
本文对一种全桥模块化多电平转换器(MMC)和两种基于半桥的MMC进行了评估,以用于大电流低电压,例如100 - 400V直流应用,如电解、弧焊或具有直流配电的数据中心。通常,模块化多电平转换器用于数kv范围内的高压直流应用(HVDC),但为了满足低输出电压水平下的大电流需求,模块化转换器概念需要进行调整。在提出的概念中,MMC用于降压10kV的三相中压,并向负载提供高达1 MW的电压。因此,每个模块都扩展了一个LLC谐振转换器,以适应142 - 220V的特定电解槽直流电压范围,并提供电流隔离。采用半桥式模块的六臂MMC变换器可以通过去掉三个臂来简化和优化,从而使模块数量减半。此外,模块电压纹波和电容损耗分别降低了22%和30%。通过重新排列半桥MMC的组件,构建由电网侧全桥模块组成的MMC,电压纹波进一步减少78%,电容器损耗减少64%,同时确保所有MMC的成本和体积相同。最后,针对最高效的全桥MMC,设计了LLC谐振变换器。由于输出电压在142 - 220V之间变化,LLC不能在固定的标称模块电压770V下谐振工作。通过将模块电压降低到600V,额外的工作点可以在谐振中工作,其余的更接近谐振。将模块电压降低到600V,将每个臂所需模块的数量从12个增加到15个,这需要平衡有限责任公司和电网侧级的损耗。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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