Outcomes of double frequency 532 nm neodymium-doped: Yttrium aluminum garnet laser treatment in retinopathy of prematurity spectrum

Abstract

Context: In recent years, the use of double-frequency 532 nm neodymium-doped:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser has increased in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) spectrum with excellent structural outcomes, but there are very few studies in this context. Aims: The aim of the study was to study the safety and efficacy of 532 nm Nd:YAG laser in the ROP spectrum. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, noncomparative, and interventional study was conducted on patients who underwent laser treatment for ROP between January 2019 and March 2020. A complete analysis of clinical records including type and zone of ROP, the laser parameter used during the procedure, and complications related to laser photocoagulation was done. Statistical Analysis Used: Quantitative variables were compared using Paired t-test/Wilcoxon rank-sum test across follow-up. Univariate/multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of a risk factor in ROP. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of total 42 eyes in our study irrespective of the type of ROP, 85.7% of the eyes showed complete regression after initial photocoagulation. Six eyes (14.2%) required supplemental laser photocoagulation. Progressing to Stage 4 ROP was seen in one eye even after supplemental laser therapy. The mean number of laser spots required at initial treatment was 3897 ± 1171 (range: 1961–5110) in aggressive posterior ROP eyes as compared to 1391 ± 562 (range: 897–3042) in Type 1 ROP eyes. Tunica vasculosa lentis was present in bilateral eyes of four infants at the time of laser treatment, but it did not alter the treatment completion or outcome. None of our patients developed cataract or anterior segment ischemia. Conclusions: Double-frequency 532 nm Nd: YAG laser is a safe and effective alternative to diode laser photocoagulation in ROP cases.