Splitting bits for lossless compression of microarray images

Abstract

In an earlier publication we reported on the effectiveness of the Burrows-Wheeler transformation followed by inversion coder (BWIC) in the lossless compression of DNA microarray images where we obtained gains of average 6.5% over generic image compressors. In this work, we propose an enhancement of our previous technique by exploiting the bit distribution of images. Using a simple statistical test, we first decide if it will be gainful to split a 16-bit microarray image into two 8-bit images. In case of splitting, it turns out that the first 8-bit image is highly compressible and we use BWIC to compress it. The second 8-bit image most often contains noise and the bit distribution can become nearly random. We use the Wald-Wolfowitz runs test of randomness to decide whether to compress the second 8-bit image with BWIC or not at all since attempting to compress random data usually results in a larger file size. On select microarray images, by splitting a 16-bit microarray image into 8-bit pieces and selectively compressing the pieces with BWIC, we can achieve upward of 3% compression gain over our previous work.