AGROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS CULTIVATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the productivity of sunflower hybrids in the climatic conditions of the Non-chernozem zone of Russia. In 2013-2017, in the Ryazan region, field experiment was conducted on dark gray forest soil, the Hungarian sunflower hybrids BA-306, Samanta, Nova, Walcer, Larissa were subjected to studies. The natural and climatic conditions of the southern part of the Ryazan region are favorable for the cultivation of oilseeds and are characterized by the following indicators: the sum of the active air temperatures is 2200-2350°C, the rain-fall during the growing period is 510-560 mm. As a result of the measurements of the main morphometric parame-ters, Larissa and Samanta, were identified as the tallest hybrids. The average height of plants produced by these hybrids reached 219 and 205 cm, respectively. The BA-306 hybrid (176 cm) had the smallest parameters. Walcer hybrid plants formed the largest area of the assimilation surface and amounted to 31.6 thousand m2/ha. The area of the leaves of other Hungarian sunflower hybrids was less by 11.0-19.9%. The lowest values of this indicator were observed in the hybrid Nova. In Samanta, Walcer and Larissa hybrids, the diameter of the anthodium exceed-ed 21 cm. However, the Samanta hybrid anthodium resulted in the smallest productive area – 73.5%. The largest mass of 1000 seeds was obtained from hybrids BA-306 and Nova and amounted to 61.4 and 62.2 g respectively. Due to the yield, the Hungarian hybrids were arranged in the following order: Nova, Samanta, Larissa, BA-306, Walcer. This pattern was observed both taken from average values over the years of research, during each year separately. The oil content of all studied sunflower hybrids was high and amounted to 48.4-51.2%. The ability of Hungarian sun-flower hybrids to produce high yields of good quality when grown in the conditions of the Ryazan region, belonging to the southern part of the Non-Chernozem zone, is established.