Port Denials and Restrictions Policies during Covid-19 Pandemic Based on International Law

Angela Jessica Desmonda
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

As a public facility, port has a significant potential to be cluster of the Covid-19 spread. Many states have implemented policies of denials and restriction of port access to protect people’s health. This study aims to analyze port denials and restrictions policies settings based on international law. In addition, this study is to analyze whether the status of state of emergency will affect state’s obligations based on international law. This study was conducted by analyzing associated international treaty law and customary law. The study concludes that no international treaty law and customary law prohibit port denials and restrictions because port is under the sovereignty of respected coastal state. The state is free to implement any policies. Without any permit, foreign ships are not allowed to enter and dock at the port of the coastal state. However, in a situation of danger or distress, foreign ships have the right to enter port. The IHR 2005, as a special instrument dealing with public health, also provides an opportunity for coastal state to prevent ship embarking and disembarking passengers if the ship is exposed to a pandemic disease, such as Covid-19. In such case, foreign ship may be prohibited from entering and docking at port of coastal state. On the other hand, in a situation of danger or distress, foreign ship has the right to enter port. In contrast, the 1923 Port Convention gave permission to state to close ports in urgent situation that endangered national security.
基于国际法的Covid-19大流行期间的港口拒绝和限制政策
港口作为公共设施,具有成为新冠肺炎疫情聚集点的巨大潜力。许多国家实施了拒绝和限制进入港口的政策,以保护人民的健康。本研究旨在分析基于国际法的港口拒绝和限制政策设置。此外,本研究还将分析紧急状态是否会影响国家根据国际法承担的义务。本研究是通过分析相关的国际条约法和习惯法进行的。该研究的结论是,没有任何国际条约法和习惯法禁止拒绝和限制港口,因为港口是在受尊重的沿海国的主权之下。国家有执行任何政策的自由。外国船舶未经许可,不得驶入沿海国港口停靠。但是,在危险或遇险的情况下,外国船舶有权进入港口。《2005年国际卫生条例》作为一项处理公共卫生的特殊文书,还为沿海国提供了一个机会,在船舶暴露于Covid-19等大流行疾病时,防止船舶上下乘客。在这种情况下,可以禁止外国船舶进入沿海国港口停靠。另一方面,在危险或遇险的情况下,外国船舶有权进入港口。与此相反,1923年的《港口公约》允许国家在危及国家安全的紧急情况下关闭港口。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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