{"title":"한·러 비자면제협정 체결의 경제적 효과와 활용 방안 (The Economic Impact and Application Plan of the Visa-Free Regime between Korea and Russia)","authors":"Yeo-cheon Jeong, Soonchan Park, Boogyun Kang","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2438481","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Korean Abstract: 한·러 일반여권 비자면제는 양국 정부 및 민간 차원에서 비공식적인 검토를 거치며 그 필요성이 꾸준히 제기되어 왔으며, 2010년 3월 제9차 한‧러 영사국장회의를 통해 공식적으로 논의되기 시작하였다. 특히 2012년 9월 APEC 정상회의에서 양국 정상이 비자면제협정 체결을 위한 협상을 시작하기로 합의하면서 추진력을 얻게 되었으며, 2013년 5월 제12차 영사국장회의에서 전반적인 협정 내용에 합의한 후, 2013년 10월 현재 적절한 계기의 서명을 위한 국내절차를 추진하는 중이다. 한·러 비자면제협정의 추진 배경에는 1990년 9월 30일 수교 이후 양국간 경제·외교 협력이 강화됨에 따라 상호 신뢰와 이해 증진을 위한 정무적 판단이 주된 요인으로 작용하였다. 한국의 대러 교역액은 2012년 기준 약 225억 달러를 기록해 1992년 1억 9,300만 달러 대비 약 117배 증가하였으며, 한·러 관계는 2008년 9월 정상회담을 통해 ‘전략적 협력 동반자 관계(strategic cooperative partnership)’로 발전하였다. 또한 2012년에 양국 상호 방문객 수가 약 28만 명에 이르는 등 인적교류도 꾸준히 확대되었다. 특히 한국은 그동안 러시아 경제가 크게 성장하면서 비자면제를 통한 양국간 인적교류 확대 시 러시아인의 한국 내 불법체류 가능성이 높지 않고, 러시아가 동북아 주변국과 비자면제협정을 체결한 사례가 없는 만큼, 중국·일본 등 주요국에 앞서 대러시아 인적·물적 교류 활성화를 통한 신뢰기반을 쌓을 수 있는 기회를 얻을 수 있다는 관점에서 러시아와 비자면제협정을 추진하고 있다. 그리고 러시아의 경우 경제발전과 주요 국제행사 유치에 따른 개방적인 국가 이미지 구축 및 관광서비스업 활성화 그리고 아태지역 국가들과의 협력 확대라는 전략적 틀 내에서 한국과 비자면제협정을 추진하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 과거 한국이 체결한 64건의 비자면제협정 이후 나타난 외국인 출입국자 수 및 교역량 통계에 기초하여, 한·러 비자면제가 관광 및 사업 목적을 위한 한국인의 출국 및 외국인의 입국에 미치는 파급효과를 분석하였다. 또한 이에 근거하여 한국 관광산업에 미치는 영향, 상호 방문객 증가에 따른 무역촉진 효과 및 비자발급의 면제에 따른 개인의 비용절감효과를 추정하였다. English Abstract: Korea and Russia, for years, have had informal discussions in both government and private sectors on the need for an introduction of visa-free regime between two countries. And at the 9th bilateral consular affairs talks held in March 2010, two countries finally started an official dialogue to establish mutual visa-free travel. In particular, during the 2012 APEC summit, leaders from both countries agreed to open negotiations for mutual visa-waiver agreement (VWA), and then at the 12th bilateral consular affairs talks held in May 2013, the both sides reached agreement on general contents of the agreement. The political-economic judgement takes a main role in promoting Korea-Russia visa-waiver agreement. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1990, Korea-Russia relationship has been steadily moving forward. At the 2008 summit, the two leaders agreed to upgrade bilateral ties from the status of a comprehensive partnership to that of a strategic cooperative partnership. And in 2012, Korea's trade volume with Russia amounted to 22.5 billion dollars, an increase of 117 times over 20 years. The number of mutual personal exchange between both countries also increased up to 280 thousand people in 2012. The purpose of this study is to analyze the background and economic impact of the Korea-Russia VWA, and come up with propositions for its efficient application plan. The study is consisted of five chapters. The first chapter introduces background and purpose of the study and previous research. Then, an overview on the background and contents of the agreement is presented in the second part. In the third chapter, the status and charateristics of visa-waiver agreements that are already in existence discussed. In the fourth chapter, the economic impacts of the Korea-Russia VWA are analyzed. In particular, this study evaluates the economic benefit that the VWA brings to the Korea, including increased tourist-business trips and reduced expenditure on visa issuance. In order to capture the net effect of the VWA – the increased tourism and business trips due to VWA – the author uses the difference-in-differences method as well as random effect and fixed effect model based on statistics of inbound and outbound visitor trends for 64 countries, which with Korea made a VWA. Also the author calculates the trade stimulating effect between Korea and Russia using gravity model and conducts input-output analysis for Korean tourism. However, the results of this study show minimum riffle effect of Korea-Russia VWA, as it is based on average indicators of VWA already achieved between Korea and 64 individual countries. The chapter five summarizes previous parts and presents challenges and measures to enhance cooperation between Korea and Russia, by VWA as a momentum. The visa-waiver agreement can be either an opportunity or an instrument for boosting economic cooperation, but it is hard to be an immediate factor. Therefore, comprehensive policy tools needs to be prepared to maximize its effect.","PeriodicalId":305946,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Economic Systems (Sub-Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2013-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"AARN: Economic Systems (Sub-Topic)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2438481","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Korean Abstract: 한·러 일반여권 비자면제는 양국 정부 및 민간 차원에서 비공식적인 검토를 거치며 그 필요성이 꾸준히 제기되어 왔으며, 2010년 3월 제9차 한‧러 영사국장회의를 통해 공식적으로 논의되기 시작하였다. 특히 2012년 9월 APEC 정상회의에서 양국 정상이 비자면제협정 체결을 위한 협상을 시작하기로 합의하면서 추진력을 얻게 되었으며, 2013년 5월 제12차 영사국장회의에서 전반적인 협정 내용에 합의한 후, 2013년 10월 현재 적절한 계기의 서명을 위한 국내절차를 추진하는 중이다. 한·러 비자면제협정의 추진 배경에는 1990년 9월 30일 수교 이후 양국간 경제·외교 협력이 강화됨에 따라 상호 신뢰와 이해 증진을 위한 정무적 판단이 주된 요인으로 작용하였다. 한국의 대러 교역액은 2012년 기준 약 225억 달러를 기록해 1992년 1억 9,300만 달러 대비 약 117배 증가하였으며, 한·러 관계는 2008년 9월 정상회담을 통해 ‘전략적 협력 동반자 관계(strategic cooperative partnership)’로 발전하였다. 또한 2012년에 양국 상호 방문객 수가 약 28만 명에 이르는 등 인적교류도 꾸준히 확대되었다. 특히 한국은 그동안 러시아 경제가 크게 성장하면서 비자면제를 통한 양국간 인적교류 확대 시 러시아인의 한국 내 불법체류 가능성이 높지 않고, 러시아가 동북아 주변국과 비자면제협정을 체결한 사례가 없는 만큼, 중국·일본 등 주요국에 앞서 대러시아 인적·물적 교류 활성화를 통한 신뢰기반을 쌓을 수 있는 기회를 얻을 수 있다는 관점에서 러시아와 비자면제협정을 추진하고 있다. 그리고 러시아의 경우 경제발전과 주요 국제행사 유치에 따른 개방적인 국가 이미지 구축 및 관광서비스업 활성화 그리고 아태지역 국가들과의 협력 확대라는 전략적 틀 내에서 한국과 비자면제협정을 추진하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 과거 한국이 체결한 64건의 비자면제협정 이후 나타난 외국인 출입국자 수 및 교역량 통계에 기초하여, 한·러 비자면제가 관광 및 사업 목적을 위한 한국인의 출국 및 외국인의 입국에 미치는 파급효과를 분석하였다. 또한 이에 근거하여 한국 관광산업에 미치는 영향, 상호 방문객 증가에 따른 무역촉진 효과 및 비자발급의 면제에 따른 개인의 비용절감효과를 추정하였다. English Abstract: Korea and Russia, for years, have had informal discussions in both government and private sectors on the need for an introduction of visa-free regime between two countries. And at the 9th bilateral consular affairs talks held in March 2010, two countries finally started an official dialogue to establish mutual visa-free travel. In particular, during the 2012 APEC summit, leaders from both countries agreed to open negotiations for mutual visa-waiver agreement (VWA), and then at the 12th bilateral consular affairs talks held in May 2013, the both sides reached agreement on general contents of the agreement. The political-economic judgement takes a main role in promoting Korea-Russia visa-waiver agreement. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1990, Korea-Russia relationship has been steadily moving forward. At the 2008 summit, the two leaders agreed to upgrade bilateral ties from the status of a comprehensive partnership to that of a strategic cooperative partnership. And in 2012, Korea's trade volume with Russia amounted to 22.5 billion dollars, an increase of 117 times over 20 years. The number of mutual personal exchange between both countries also increased up to 280 thousand people in 2012. The purpose of this study is to analyze the background and economic impact of the Korea-Russia VWA, and come up with propositions for its efficient application plan. The study is consisted of five chapters. The first chapter introduces background and purpose of the study and previous research. Then, an overview on the background and contents of the agreement is presented in the second part. In the third chapter, the status and charateristics of visa-waiver agreements that are already in existence discussed. In the fourth chapter, the economic impacts of the Korea-Russia VWA are analyzed. In particular, this study evaluates the economic benefit that the VWA brings to the Korea, including increased tourist-business trips and reduced expenditure on visa issuance. In order to capture the net effect of the VWA – the increased tourism and business trips due to VWA – the author uses the difference-in-differences method as well as random effect and fixed effect model based on statistics of inbound and outbound visitor trends for 64 countries, which with Korea made a VWA. Also the author calculates the trade stimulating effect between Korea and Russia using gravity model and conducts input-output analysis for Korean tourism. However, the results of this study show minimum riffle effect of Korea-Russia VWA, as it is based on average indicators of VWA already achieved between Korea and 64 individual countries. The chapter five summarizes previous parts and presents challenges and measures to enhance cooperation between Korea and Russia, by VWA as a momentum. The visa-waiver agreement can be either an opportunity or an instrument for boosting economic cooperation, but it is hard to be an immediate factor. Therefore, comprehensive policy tools needs to be prepared to maximize its effect.
(The Economic Impact and Application Plan of The Visa-Free Regime between Korea and Russia)
Korean Abstract:韩俄普通护照签证免除问题经过两国政府和民间的非正式讨论,不断提出其必要性,并于2010年3月通过第9次韩俄领事局长会议正式开始讨论。特别是2012年9月两国领导人在apec领导人非正式会议上签订免签证协定谈判,达成协议,开始工作,得到了推力,2013年5月第12次领事局长会议整体协定内容达成协议后,截至2013年10月,适当的为契机的签名,国内正在推进的程序。1990年9月30日两国建交以后,两国间的经济、外交合作得到了加强,为了增进相互信赖和理解,推进韩俄免签证协定的主要原因是政务上的判断。以2012年为准,韩国对俄贸易额约为225亿美元,比1992年的1.93亿美元增加了117倍,韩俄关系通过2008年9月的首脑会谈发展为“战略合作伙伴关系(strategic cooperative partnership)”。另外,2012年两国互访人数约28万名,人员交流也不断扩大。尤其是韩国,随着俄罗斯经济的大幅增长,如果通过免签证扩大两国人员交流,俄罗斯人在韩国非法滞留的可能性不高,而且还没有俄罗斯与东北亚周边国家签订免签证协定的事例。在中国、日本等主要国家之前,中国认为可以获得通过活跃对俄罗斯的人力、物力交流来积累信赖基础的机会,因此正在推进同俄罗斯签署免签证协定。而且,从俄罗斯的情况看,随着经济发展和申办主要国际活动,正在构筑开放的国家形象、搞活旅游服务业、扩大与亚太地区国家的合作等战略框架内推进与韩国的免签证协定。本研究以过去韩国签署64项免签证协定后出现的外国人出入境人数及贸易量统计为基础,分析了免韩俄签证对韩国人出国旅游及外国人入境的波及效果。据此推测了对韩国旅游产业的影响、相互访客的增加带来的贸易促进效果以及免签证带来的个人费用节约效果。英语Abstract: Korea and Russia, for years, have had informal discussions in both government and private sectors on the need for an introduction of visa-free regime between two countries。And at the 9th bilateral consular affairs talks in March 2010, two countries finally started an official dialogue to establish mutual visa-free travel。In particular, during the 2012 APEC summit, leaders from both countries agreed to open negotiations for mutual visa-waiver agreement (VWA);the both sides reached agreement on general contents of the agreement。The political-economic judgement takes a main role in promoting Korea-Russia visa-waiver agreement。1990年,韩国-俄罗斯relationship has been steadily moving forward。At the 2008 summit, the two leaders agreed to upgrade bilateral ties from the status of a comprehensive partnership to that of a strategic cooperative partnershipAnd in 2012, Korea's trade volume with Russia amounted to 22.5 billion dollars, an increase of 117 times over 20 years。The number of mutual personal exchange between both countries also increased up to 280 thousand people in 2012。The purpose of this study is to analyze The background and economic impact of The Korea-Russia VWA, and come up with propositions for its efficient application plan。study is consisted of five chapters。The first chapter introduces background and purpose of The study and previous research。Then an overview on the background and contents of the agreement is presented in the second part。the third chapter, the status and charateristics of visa-waiver agreements that are already In existence discussed。the fourth chapter, economic impacts of the Korea-Russia VWA are analyzed。In particular, this study evaluates the economic benefit that the VWA brings to the Korea, including increased tourist-business trips and reduced expenditure on visa issuance。In order to capture the net effect of the VWA - increased tourism and business trips due to VWA - author uses the difference- In -differences method as well as random effect and fixed effectmodel based on statistics of inbound and outbound visitor trends for 64 countries, which with Korea made a VWA。Also the author calculates the trade stimulating effect between Korea and Russia using gravity model and conducts input-output analysis for Korean tourism。However, the results of this study show minimum riffle effect of Korea-Russia VWA, as it is based on average indicators of VWA already achieved between Korea and 64 individual countries。The chapter five summarizes previous parts and presents challenges and measures to enhance cooperation between Korea and Russia, by VWA as a momentum。The visa-waiver agreement can be either an opportunity or an instrument for boosting economic cooperation, but it is hard to be an immediate factor。Therefore, comprehensive policy tools needs to be prepared to maximize its effect。