Analysis on Site Distribution in Yunnan and Guizhou Plateau from Neolithic to the Bronze Age Based on GIS

Abstract

In this study, we apply GIS to observe the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of settlement in Yunnan and Guizhou plateau from Neolithic to Bronze Age. Based on the published archaeological materials, and combined with the information of natural geographical elements and soil sedimentary in the region, we preliminarily established a database of site distribution patterns in Yunnan-Guizhou area. As can be seen from the spatial distribution pattern of settlements in Yunnan-Guizhou area, from Neolithic to Bronze Age, settlements tended to expand eastward. On one hand, it is the consequence of population increase. On the other hand, it is also the result of culture impulsion, in this area, the Dian culture and Yelang culture have been expanding eastward due to the continuous expansion of western Dian culture. As a result, the eastwards of the settlement is under the effect both from internal and external. Meanwhile, the classification of the area and the transition over time show that the spatial distribution of the settlement is relatively scattered and equal, mainly consist of small-scale settlements, and the scale of settlements began to gradually expand in the Bronze Age. Besides, soil type is also a pivotal factor in terms of the site choice strategies for ancient people, high soil fertility, such as artificial soil, luvisols always related to the cluster of settlement distribution. It indicates that ancient people in Yunnan and Guizhou area had their site choice strategies out of certain considerations, which were profoundly influenced by the natural environment.