Diabetes: A Syndrome leads to Coma

Abstract

The most common and most serious diabetic emergencies in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) individuals are diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic (HH) state or hyperosmolar non-ketotic hyperglycaemia. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state is a serious condition caused by extreme hyperglycemia in T2DM. HH is usually characterized by extreme elevations in serum glucose level and hyperosmolality in individuals with no significant ketosis. These metabolic disturbances are the result from synergistic factors mainly insulin deficiency as well as increased levels of counter regulatory hormones viz. glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and other growth hormone. Wolfram Syndrome (WS) or DIDMOAD syndrome (Diabetes Insipidus Diabetes Mellitus Optic Atrophy and Deafness) is a rare genetic disorder to be known. DM is typically the first symptom of WS and onset is usually at the age of 6 years. A diabetic coma is a life-threatening and fatal diabetes complication that causes unconsciousness in long term T2DM patients. The severe conditions of both hypo- or hyper- glycemia may cause diabetic coma. Here we are describing the brief about Diabetic emergencies lead to coma and unconsciousness.