Processing of Manure in Biogas Plants

A. Apazhev, B. Fiapshev, A. Fiapshev, O. Kilchukova, T. K. Pazova, V. B. Dzuganov
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Abstract

Biogas obtained from agricultural waste is becoming increasingly important as a renewable resource. Biogas can be obtained by biological and thermochemical methods. The first is the decomposi­tion of organic substances without air access due to the fermentation process, which takes place at a temperature of 30-40 degrees Celsius for «clean» waste (for example, microbiological industry) or 55-60 degrees Celsius for animal waste and urban wastewater. As a result of decomposition, biogas and a number of valuable components (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium oxide) are formed, from which a highly effective organo-biofertilizer is prepared. (Research purpose) The research purpose is increasing the uniformity of the temperature field over the volume of the bioreactor to intensify the thermophilic process of anaerobic processing, increasing the yield of biogas and improvement of the quality of the biofertilizer. (Materials and methods) For the purpose of laboratory experiments, droppings from the poultry house of the peasant farm “Khemzet” of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic were used with the analysis performed in the laboratory of the agrochemical service “Kabardino-Balkarian”. The total daily heat consumption and the capacity of the heat exchanger-agitator were determined using mathematical modeling and the laws of thermodynamics. (Results and discussion) The contents of the methane tank were heated by a heat exchanger using a coolant, and mixing was carried out using a mechanical stirrer combined into one heat exchanger–stirrer unit powered by an electric motor. It was shown that during the thermophilic process, more intensive and deeper fermentation of precipitation occurs, which contributes to a decrease in the volume of the methane tank, more effective destruction of helminths and weed seeds. It was found that during thermophilic fermentation, a greater amount of heat is needed to heat the sediment in the methane tank, 12-15 days are enough to disinfect the mass. (Conclusions) It was found that the optimal values of the temperature of the substrate processing process are 56.6 degrees Celsius; the mixing time is 17 minutes, the number of revolutions of the heat exchanger-agitator is 7.5 revolutions per minute. Chemical analysis of the obtained organo-biofertilizers was carried out.
沼气厂粪便的处理
从农业废弃物中获得的沼气作为一种可再生资源正变得越来越重要。沼气可以通过生物和热化学方法获得。第一个是由于发酵过程导致的有机物质在没有空气通道的情况下分解,“清洁”废物(例如微生物工业)的温度为30-40摄氏度,动物废物和城市废水的温度为55-60摄氏度。作为分解的结果,沼气和一些有价值的成分(氮、磷、氧化钾)形成,从中制备出高效的有机生物肥料。(研究目的)提高生物反应器体积上温度场的均匀性,强化厌氧处理的嗜热过程,提高沼气产量,改善生物肥料质量。(材料和方法)为了实验室实验的目的,使用了来自Kabardino-Balkarian共和国“Khemzet”农民农场禽舍的粪便,并在“Kabardino-Balkarian”农化服务实验室进行了分析。利用数学模型和热力学规律确定了换热器-搅拌器的日总耗热和制冷量。(结果和讨论)甲烷罐的内容物由使用冷却剂的热交换器加热,混合使用由电动机驱动的机械搅拌器组合成一个热交换器-搅拌器单元进行。结果表明,在嗜热过程中,沉淀物的发酵更加强烈和深入,这有助于减少甲烷罐的体积,更有效地破坏蠕虫和杂草种子。研究发现,在嗜热发酵过程中,需要更大的热量来加热甲烷罐中的沉淀物,12-15天足够对质量进行消毒。(结论)基材加工工艺的最佳温度为56.6℃;混合时间为17分钟,换热器-搅拌器转数为每分钟7.5转。对所得有机生物肥料进行了化学分析。
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