Hydrological, Hydrochemical and Hydrobiological Studies of Lake Donuzlav (Western Crimea, Black Sea) Based on the Results of Expeditions in 2018

V. I. Ryabushko, S. V. Shchurov, N. Kovrigina, M. Popov
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Abstract

The ecosystem of unique Lake Donuzlav has been under significant anthropogenic pressure over a long period. Therefore, to assess the long-term changes occurring in the lake, regular monitoring studies are required. In June and October 2018, complex hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological studies were carried out in the lake water area. Temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen content, biochemical oxygen demand on the fifth day (BOD5), permanganate oxidizability, concentration of silicon, mineral and organic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, abundance and biomass of phytoplankton were determined by standard methods. It is shown that the thermohaline structure of waters directly affects the distribution of hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators. In shallow water, a low oxygen content was recorded due to significant heating and poor water exchange, but no oxygen deficiency was found. Mussel and oyster farms and sewage have a significant impact on the ecological state of the lake. Especially high values of BOD5, oxidizability, maximum concentrations of organic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus were noted in these places. It was found that the biomass of phytoplankton increases and the species diversity decreases with distance from the sea to the apex part of the lake. Potentially toxic alga Dinophisis sacculus is found in small quantities, which does not affect the nutritional value of the molluscs. To assess the long-term changes in the phytoplankton community and its food reserves, regular monitoring studies of Lake Donuzlav are required in different seasons.
基于2018年考察结果的黑海克里米亚西部多努兹拉夫湖水文、水化学和水生物学研究
长期以来,独特的多努兹拉夫湖的生态系统一直处于巨大的人为压力之下。因此,为了评估湖中发生的长期变化,需要定期进行监测研究。2018年6月和10月,在湖泊水域开展了复杂的水文、水化学和水生物研究。采用标准方法测定温度、盐度、pH、溶解氧含量、第5天生化需氧量(BOD5)、高锰酸盐氧化性、硅浓度、氮磷矿物形态和有机形态、浮游植物丰度和生物量。结果表明,水体的温盐结构直接影响着水体化学和水生生物指标的分布。在浅水中,由于明显的加热和水交换不良,记录了低氧含量,但没有发现缺氧。贻贝和牡蛎养殖场和污水对湖泊的生态状况有重大影响。特别是这些地方的BOD5、氧化性、有机形式氮和磷的最高浓度都很高。结果表明,随着海水向湖顶的距离增加,浮游植物生物量增加,物种多样性降低。有潜在毒性的藻是小量的,但不影响软体动物的营养价值。为了评估浮游植物群落及其食物储备的长期变化,需要在不同季节对多努兹拉夫湖进行定期监测研究。
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