Measuring Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) in male vs female suffering from acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI) at PIC, Lahore

Abstract

Introduction: Worldwide, Coronary Artery Diseases (CADs) cause significant disability and death. Primary PCI (PPCI) is the gold-standard of emergency care in management of patients suffering from STEMI. Gender-based differences may be present in the major cardiovascular outcomes (MACE) of PPCI. Objective: This article aims at comparing major adverse cardiovascular outcomes male vs female STEMI patients going through PPCI. Study design: Descriptive case series Study setting: Emergency Department, Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC), Lahore. Methodology: With mean age just over 50.3 ± 9.7 years, 193 (78.8%) males and 52 (21.2%) female, a total of 245 patients were enrolled in the study. Risk factors included diabetes, hypertension, familial IHD and active smoking. We recorded in-hospital outcomes post-pPCI: mortality, cerebrovascular accident, acute and subacute stent thrombosis, heart failure, acute kidney injury and arrhythmias. Results: Post PPCI in-hospital outcomes in 193 males: mortality 0, heart failure 3 (1.6%), acute stent thrombosis 0 and acute kidney injury in 11 patients (5.7%). Among 52 females: mortality 2 (3.8%), heart failure 2 (3.8%), acute stent thrombosis 1 (1.9%) and acute kidney injury 3 (5.8%). The only significant association was found between female gender & post PPCI mortality after STEMI (P = 0.006). Conclusion: Results of in-hospital complications among male & female patients following PPCI for acute STEMI seem to show association of female gender with post-PPCI mortality which is significantly greater than the male population under study.