Ontology I: From Brain to World–Brain Relation

G. Northoff
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Abstract

How can we account for the brain’s existence and reality? I now shift my focus from the empirical (Part I and II) context in the previous chapters to the ontological dimension. Specifically, I focus on an “ontology of brain” as part of a wider “philosophy of brain” (Northoff 2004). Based on the empirical data, I argue that the brain’s existence and reality is based on structure and relation rather than elements like properties. This makes possible to determine the brain’s existence and reality by world-brain relation rather than physical or mental properties within the brain itself. That is well compatible with ontic structural realism (OSR). More specifically, the world-brain relation can be understood in spatiotemporal terms entailing what I describe as “spatiotemporal ontology”. Time and space are here no longer understood in observational terms, e.g., “observational time and space”, but rather as relational in the sense of OSR, i.e., “relational time and space”. Taken together, I ontologically characterize the brain by world-brain relation presupposing relation and structure as in OSR. This amounts to a “relational view” of the brain in our “ontology of brain”. Such relational view of the brain’s existence and reality can be specified by “relational time and space” (as I say) as distinguished from “observational time and space”. That opens the door for a novel ontological characterization of consciousness in the terms of world-brain relation and OSR – this shall be the focus in the next chapter.
本体1:从大脑到世界-大脑关系
我们如何解释大脑的存在和存在?我现在将我的重点从前几章的经验(第一部分和第二部分)上下文转移到本体论维度。具体来说,我关注的是作为更广泛的“大脑哲学”的一部分的“大脑本体论”(Northoff 2004)。根据经验数据,我认为大脑的存在和现实是基于结构和关系,而不是属性等元素。这使得通过世界-大脑关系而不是大脑本身的物理或精神特性来确定大脑的存在和现实成为可能。这与本体结构现实主义(OSR)很好地兼容。更具体地说,世界与大脑的关系可以用我所说的“时空本体论”的时空术语来理解。在这里,时间和空间不再被理解为观测的术语,例如“观测的时间和空间”,而是作为OSR意义上的关系,即“关系的时间和空间”。综上所述,我以世界-大脑关系为本体论特征,假设OSR中的关系和结构。这相当于在我们的“大脑本体论”中对大脑的“关系观点”。这种关于大脑存在和现实的关系观点可以用“关系时间和空间”(如我所说)来指定,区别于“观察时间和空间”。这为从世界-大脑关系和OSR的角度对意识进行新的本体论表征打开了大门——这将是下一章的重点。
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