Mediating Effect of Anxiety to Perform Social Skill on the Relationship between Inter-Parental Conflict and Adolescents' Self-Efficacy

Abstract

1. IntroductionSelf-efficacy beliefs illuminate how people think, behave and feel (Bandura, 1994). In addition, it has impact on various health outcomes (Bandura, 1997). During adolescence self-awareness of ability is helpful to make a plan and pursue till achieve the goals (Pajares & Schunk, 2002; Choi, 2003). On the other hands, adolescents with low self-efficacy have weak ambitions and low commitment to the goals they choose to follow (Langendorfer et al., 2006), hesitate about their abilities, and focus on obstacles, personal incompetence and negative results (Bandura, 1986 ). According to Scott & Dearing (2012) one's hesitate of capability to contact with others, related to negative social relationships and that may cause depression and anxiety to perform social skills. During late adolescence, individuals are preparing for the life choices and responsibilities they will assume during their adult lives. Family is viewed as an initial source of self-efficacy and known as a primary source for their children and adolescent's well-being (Sorkhabi, 2005).2. Problem StatementInter-parental conflict is related to parents' withdrawal and negative response of their children needs and reduced parental physical and psychological availability (Cummings & Davies, 1994). Parental conflict has possibilities to infer with child and adolescence development such as conflict between parents may provide a constant pressure that damages modify and erode children's self-efficacy (Bandura, 1997; Cui et al., 2005; Cummings & Davies, 1994; Fosco & Grych 2008; Grych et al., 1992). In social modeling, usually adolescent imitate their parents' behavior to make a pattern of conflictive behavior (Bandura, 1997; Pryor & Pattison, 2007). This pattern affects on late adolescents quality of their social relationships and psychological well-being (Van Doorn et al., 2007). Academic adjustment is related to psychological and social wellbeing among students. Studies have shown low self-efficacy contribute to low academic performance. Therefore, this is important.3. Research QuestionsWhat factors associate with self-efficacy among late adolescents?4. Purpose of the StudyThis study aims to determine the relationships between inter-parental conflict, anxiety to perform social skill and self-efficacy among late adolescent students in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.5. Research MethodsA total of 374, freshman collage students were selected randomly from Hamadan University of Medicine and Health Science in Iran. The backward-forward translation method was used to cultural of study instrument. First, the instruments translated from English into Persian language. Second, two separate local professional translator back- translated instruments from Persian to English. The similarity of meaning and concepts of these two versions of translation were approved by two university's lecturer advisor in Hamadan University of Medicine and Health Science in Iran. The present study have been used the measurements which consisted of the respondents 'demographic background, the Scale for Interpersonal Behavior (SIB) and General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE). Participants were inquired to fulfill a demographic form about their age, gender, ethnicity, level of education, child number, birth order, and student living status moreover, parent's age, education, employment, marriage status and family monthly income. 5.1The Scale for Interpersonal Behavior (SIB) Theadolescents' anxiety to performance of social skills was evaluated by The Scale for Interpersonal Behavior (Arrindell et al., 1984). This scale consists 50 items and assess adolescent' anxiety and frequency to performing of social skills. In current study 46 items (α =0.94) were used to measure anxiety to performance of social skills and items were reverse scored. This scale comprise of four subscales namely expression of negative feelings with 15 items (α =0. …