Identity Accumulation, Verification, and Well-Being

Abstract

Within identity theory, there are two theoretical approaches that can be used to link identity processes to outcomes of psychological well-being such as high self-esteem, increased happiness, and decreased sadness and anger. The “identity accumulation” hypothesis says accumulating identities based on the social positions people hold provides increasing ontological anchoring and well-being for individuals. The “identity verification” hypothesis says verifying identities increases self-esteem and positive. The present research brings together data to simultaneously examine the merits of both approaches. Results show that identity accumulation does increase well-being, but only if those identities are highly verified. Identity accumulation decreases well-being if those identities are not verified. This suggests that to maintain self-esteem and happiness, one should take on more roles and identities to the extent that those roles can be performed well and the identities verified.