Between Scylla and Charybdis: Austria's First Test Case of Neutrality during the Hungarian Crisis, 1956–57

J. Granville
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Although the Hungarian revolution of 1956 ultimately shaped Austria's new identity as a uniquely neutral – yet not ‘spineless’ – country that could now help other countries in need, it also unravelled the earlier Austrian rapprochement with Hungary and the USSR that had facilitated the signing of the Austrian State Treaty on 15 May 1955. The uprising and subsequent Soviet crackdown revived Austrians' fears and memories of their own occupation by the Soviet Union and three Western Allies, stymied diplomats in Budapest, and gave communist authorities an excuse to accuse Austria of violating its oath of neutrality, stressing the issues of espionage and anti-communist propaganda. The crisis arguably gave the Khrushchev leadership second thoughts about the wisdom of withdrawing Soviet troops from eastern Austria. To pass its first test of neutrality, the Austrian government conducted its foreign policy discreetly, striving neither to coddle nor to offend the communist world and the ‘free world’.
在Scylla和Charybdis之间:1956-57年匈牙利危机期间奥地利中立的第一个测试案例
尽管1956年的匈牙利革命最终塑造了奥地利的新身份,使其成为一个独特的中立国家——但并非“没有骨气”——现在可以帮助其他需要帮助的国家,但它也打破了奥地利与匈牙利和苏联早先的友好关系,这种关系促进了1955年5月15日《奥地利国家条约》的签署。起义和随后的苏联镇压重新唤起了奥地利人对自己被苏联和三个西方盟国占领的恐惧和记忆,阻碍了布达佩斯的外交官,并给了共产主义当局指责奥地利违反中立誓言的借口,强调了间谍活动和反共宣传的问题。可以说,这场危机让赫鲁晓夫领导层重新考虑了从奥地利东部撤军是否明智。为了通过中立的第一次考验,奥地利政府谨慎地执行外交政策,既不溺爱也不冒犯共产主义世界和“自由世界”。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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