Exposure to infection in the luteal phase of IVF

Abstract

Summary This chapter includes clinical cases, background, evidence-based practical management options, preventive measures, key-point summaries of infection in the luteal phase of IVF and answers to questions patients ask. Maternal infection in the luteal phase of IVF corresponds to infection in the periconceptional period of a natural pregnancy. The infection can be localized to the endometrium or systemic, with varying consequences to the implanting embryo. Pelvic infection can be symptomatic or subclinical, depending on factors varying from the size of the inoculum to the woman's immune response. Systemic infections induce a generalized proinflammatory state which can impair gamete quality and affect endometrial receptivity in the luteal phase. While angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is indeed expressed in the female genital tract, there is so far a lack of evidence to suggest a deleterious effect of COVID-19 upon reproductive outcomes in those attempting to conceive.