Environmental and Ecological Impact of Soil Microorganisms in Plant Sciences

Abstract

The field of environmental and microbial ecology is undergoing a revolution, having ramifications in microbiology, ecology, and ecosystem research. The tremendous accumulation of molecular data is revealing a vast diversity of microbial groups, as well as unique microbial functions. Plants are part of a varied ecosystem in their natural habitat, which includes numerous and different microorganisms in the soil. Some of these microbes, such as mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria, have long been known to improve plant performance through enhancing mineral nutrition. A substantial quantity of data on the structure and dynamics of plant microbiota, as well as the functional capacities of isolated community members, is currently available. The adoption of appropriate delivery techniques and formulations, as well as smart, knowledge-driven microbe selection, is required. Plant-microbe interactions may now be studied in greater depth thanks to modern biotechnology. In this review, we look at the interaction between the soil, the host, and the microbial population, as well as their involvement in plant sciences, to see what we can learn about the ecosystem function of plants and symbiotic microorganisms, which will help us to improve agricultural techniques.