Water Footprint and Virtual Water Trade of Cash Crops

Sunakshi Budhiraja, Sukanya Das, Badri Narayanan Gopala Krishnan
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Abstract

Virtual water flows (VWF) among states or countries have been proposed as a viable solution to mitigate water scarcity. The aim of this study is to assess the virtual water content and flows from India, for six cash crops, coffee, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea, and tobacco, and their derived products over a period 1980-2013. The virtual water trade (VWT) estimates across three time periods show India to be a net exporter of virtual water for all the cash crops, except jute. The quantity of virtual water traded has increased over the decades with the increase in the quantum of crops traded. With free trade policies and the opening up of the economy, export quantities increased during the 1990s and the period thereafter, leading to larger virtual water exports. Sustainable agricultural practices for all crops, and in all countries, can help in reducing the water flow of these crops and help in controlling the water scarcity solution.
经济作物的水足迹与虚拟水交易
各州或国家之间的虚拟水流量(VWF)已被提出作为缓解水资源短缺的可行解决方案。本研究的目的是评估1980-2013年期间印度六种经济作物(咖啡、棉花、黄麻、甘蔗、茶和烟草及其衍生产品)的虚拟含水量和流量。虚拟水贸易(VWT)横跨三个时期的估计表明,除了黄麻以外,印度是所有经济作物虚拟水的净出口国。几十年来,虚拟水的交易量随着农作物交易量的增加而增加。随着自由贸易政策和经济开放,出口数量在20世纪90年代及其后时期有所增加,导致虚拟水出口增加。在所有国家,所有作物的可持续农业做法都有助于减少这些作物的水流量,并有助于控制水资源短缺的解决方案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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