Translating scientific terms across European and African languages—Physics in NGUNI II

Abstract

The use of European languages as languages of instruction in education continues in many Sub-Saharan African countries, in spite of several decades of political independence. This is also the situation in science teaching. Several studies have shown that children learn best when taught in their own mother languages. Teaching in these languages necessitates translation of science terms and concepts into Indigenous languages. Using quantum mechanics, a field in modern physics and my mother tongue, isiNguni, as an example, I have developed translation strategies and suggested practical approaches to create science vocabulary in isiNguni. It is shown that it is feasible to apply direct borrowing with localisation and semantic extension in developing new physics vocabulary. Several examples of translated science terms and concepts in isiNguni are provided. Selected paragraphs on electron spin from a frequently used undergraduate physics textbook are translated into isiNguni. In the Appendices, the Compton effect experiment is presented in three languages accompanied by a vocabulary. African countries need to revise their language and education policies so that maximum use of the Indigenous languages and the future relevance of these languages in science and technology are ensured. Teaching physics and other science subjects in the mother tongues of both teachers and students will improve science literacy, comprehension, and interest in the field. Africa should embrace science and technology to contribute to new knowledge.