Global Impacts of Legalization and Decriminalization of Marijuana and Cannabis

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to discuss global public health impacts of legalization and decriminalization of marijuana and cannabis regarding physical and mental health impacts as well as accident and death reports. Method: Extensive review of the current medical literature was performed with a focus on papers discussing medical effects from marijuana use, public health impacts from legalization and decriminalization of marijuana and accident and death reports in various countries after legalization and decriminalization of marijuana. PubMed and Medline were utilized in this search. A total of nineteen articles have been referenced in this project. Although some literature cited was published more than five years ago, this information was felt to provide important for the purpose of this project. Most of the information was obtained from studies performed in the United States, Canada, Australia and Uruguay. accidents, deaths, lung disease. Results: Articles were obtained from various countries regarding public health impacts of marijuana and cannabis use as well as increase in adverse events after legalization and decriminalization of marijuana and cannabis. Information was available regarding cardiopulmonary diseases and mental health impacts from marijuana and cannabis use. Given that many countries have not yet legalized or decriminalized marijuana there was some limitation in available information. Several countries reported an increase in motor vehicle accidents and deaths after legalization or decriminalization of marijuana. Marijuana users were noted to have an increase in negative mental health, including psychosis and suicidal behaviors, when compared to nonusers. Data demonstrates higher rates of marijuana users after legalization or decriminalization. Conclusion: Marijuana and cannabis use have been associated with an increase in pulmonary diseases as well as increased risk for the development of psychotic disorders. Legalization and decriminalization of marijuana has demonstrated an increase in use, particularly college age subjects. Given the current data demonstrating increase in use, this increase is projected to have an increase in negative mental health impacts, including depression and addiction. Countries in which marijuana have been legalization and decriminalization have demonstrated increased rates of accidents and deaths, particularly motor vehicle.