Low-Temperature Attacks Against Digital Electronics: A Challenge for the Security of Superconducting Modules in High-Speed Magnetic Levitation (MagLev) Trains

N. Anagnostopoulos, Yufan Fan, Markus Heinrich, Nikolay Matyunin, Dominik Püllen, Philip A. Muth, Christian Hatzfeld, M. Rosenstihl, T. Arul, S. Katzenbeisser
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Abstract

This work examines volatile memory modules as ephemeral key storage for security applications in the context of low temperatures. In particular, we note that such memories exhibit a rising level of data remanence as the temperature decreases, especially for temperatures below 280 Kelvin. Therefore, these memories cannot be used to protect the superconducting modules found in high-speed Magnetic Levitation (MagLev) trains, as such modules most often require extremely low temperatures in order to provide superconducting applications. Thus, a novel secure storage solution is required in this case, especially within the oncoming framework concept of the internet of railway things, which is partially based on the increasing utilisation of commercial off-the-shelf components and potential economies of scale, in order to achieve cost efficiency and, thus, widespread adoption. Nevertheless, we do note that volatile memory modules can be utilised as intrinsic temperature sensors, especially at low temperatures, as the data remanence they exhibit at low temperatures is highly dependent on the ambient temperature, and can, therefore, be used to distinguish between different temperature levels.
数字电子设备的低温攻击:对高速磁悬浮列车超导模块安全的挑战
这项工作考察了易失性存储器模块作为低温环境下安全应用的临时密钥存储。特别是,我们注意到这种存储器随着温度的降低,特别是在低于280开尔文的温度下,显示出数据残留水平的上升。因此,这些存储器不能用于保护高速磁悬浮列车中的超导模块,因为这些模块通常需要极低的温度才能提供超导应用。因此,在这种情况下,需要一种新的安全存储解决方案,特别是在即将到来的铁路物联网框架概念中,这部分是基于商业现成组件的日益利用和潜在的规模经济,以实现成本效益,从而广泛采用。然而,我们确实注意到易失性存储模块可以用作固有温度传感器,特别是在低温下,因为它们在低温下表现出的数据残留高度依赖于环境温度,因此可以用于区分不同的温度水平。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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