Demand Side Management- Literature Review and Performance Comparison

Abstract

Several demand side management (DSM) techniques and algorithms used to show that by adopting DSM and Time-of-use (TOU) price tariffs, electricity cost significantly decreases, and optimum load scheduling is achieved. In the first part, this paper gives a comprehensive literature review on DSM’s that are related to load scheduling, Direct Load Control (DLC), and Demand Response (DR). In the second part, two algorithms are chosen to compare performance in terms of load consumption profile, Photovoltaic (PV) utilization efficiency, and power loss. These algorithms are implemented to find the optimal electric load consumption profile with presence of local PV generation. Furthermore, this paper aims to present two approaches for DSM for a residential home. These approaches can be used in response to changes in the price of electricity overtime and in the presence of PV generation to minimize the consumption cost and change the consumption pattern by shifting part of the load to off-peak hours. In addition, a case study of a single household with a single line is considered under the assumptions of its participation in a DSM program. Results show that the proposed scheduling algorithms can effectively reflect and affect user’s energy consumption behavior and achieve optimal time distribution of electricity usage. Numerical results show the impact of applying DSM algorithms on total power losses of the feeder. The proposed algorithms are implemented based on the Clonal Selection Algorithm (CSA).