Introduction to the Handbook of the Sharing Economy: the paradox of the sharing economy

R. Belk, Giana M. Eckhardt, F. Bardhi
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引用次数: 17

Abstract

The sharing economy, defined as a social and economic system of transactions in which individuals use third-party technology platforms that match providers and users to exchange goods, services, or ideas in a manner that does not transfer ownership (Eckhardt et al. forthcoming), is coming of age. It has been more than a decade since the advent of exemplar platforms such as Airbnb and Uber came into existence, and since pioneering academic thought began exploring sharing (e.g., Belk 2007). Besides the big players such as TransferWise in the fintech space and Grubhub Seamless in the food delivery space, there are also many smaller players that are leading innovations in the sharing economy, such as OpenBazaar, able to compete against the big players because of blockchain technology (De Filippi 2017). This Handbook aims to explicate what the phenomenon of the sharing economy is, as it can be treated in wildly different ways in different literatures; how this economy has evolved over the past 15 years (for example, its growth and sectors); and what the key dynamics are as we move into the next decade. We do this from an interdisciplinary perspective, examining aspects such as labor and governance in addition to consumption. In this introductory chapter, we seek to examine how the sharing economy has developed, what its future might be, and what the consequences of the sharing economy are to businesses, consumers, and society. A key issue that many of the chapters in this Handbook of the Sharing Economy address is the paradoxical character of its two components. “Sharing” implies a moral economy of “sharing in” within a small community of close others (Belk 2010), while “economy” implies a market economy where access-based consumption takes place within a potentially large community of distant others (Bardhi and Eckhardt 2012). The treatments in the chapters that follow variously attempt to resolve this contradiction by:
共享经济手册导论:共享经济的悖论
共享经济被定义为一种交易的社会和经济体系,在这种体系中,个人使用第三方技术平台,将供应商和用户相匹配,以不转移所有权的方式交换商品、服务或想法(Eckhardt等人即将出版)。自Airbnb和Uber等模范平台出现以来,已经有十多年了,自开创性的学术思想开始探索共享(例如,Belk 2007)以来。除了金融科技领域的TransferWise和食品配送领域的Grubhub Seamless等大公司外,还有许多在共享经济领域引领创新的小公司,如OpenBazaar,由于区块链技术,它们能够与大公司竞争(De Filippi 2017)。本手册旨在解释什么是共享经济现象,因为它可以在不同的文献中以截然不同的方式对待;这个经济体在过去15年是如何演变的(例如,它的增长和行业);我们进入下一个十年的关键动力是什么。我们从跨学科的角度来做这件事,除了消费之外,还研究了劳动力和治理等方面。在这一导论章中,我们试图研究共享经济是如何发展的,它的未来可能是什么,以及共享经济对企业、消费者和社会的影响。这本《共享经济手册》的许多章节都谈到了一个关键问题,即它的两个组成部分的矛盾特征。“共享”意味着在一个由亲密他人组成的小社区内“分享”的道德经济(Belk 2010),而“经济”意味着一种基于获取的消费发生在一个由遥远的其他人组成的潜在大社区内的市场经济(Bardhi和Eckhardt 2012)。以下各章的论述试图通过以下方式解决这一矛盾:
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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