Retrouver les victimes. Naufragés et rescapés au procès de Nuremberg

Guillaume Mouralis
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Abstract

EnglishThis article examines the place and status of victims in the international Nuremberg trial (1945-1946). Based on varied sources, it shows that the victims were considered in collective and national terms rather than as individuals suffering individually; this is evidenced by the work of the Allied legal teams as well as the mobilizations for an official representation of Jewish victims in the prosecutor’s office or, at least, as amicus curiae. The article then turns to the fourteen individual victims cited as witnesses by the prosecution. It explores the meaning assigned to their testimony, their ability to overplay their role, and how the trial furthered specific “testimonial careers.” Ultimately, by measuring the gap between the “victim” of 1945 and that of today, this article reflects on the emergence of this contemporary figure of the victim seeking (individual) recognition of its statute by judicial means. francaisCet article s’interroge sur la place et le statut des victimes au proces international de Nuremberg (1945-1946). A partir de sources variees, il montre d’abord que les victimes ont ete plutot pensees comme collectives et nationales que comme individuelles et individuellement souffrantes ; c’est ce dont temoignent autant le travail des magistrats que les mobilisations en faveur d’une representation officielle des victimes juives au sein de l’accusation ou encore a titre d’amicus curiae. L’article s’arrete ensuite sur les quatorze victimes individuelles citees comme temoins par l’accusation : il explore le sens assigne a leur temoignage, leur aptitude a deborder leur role, la maniere dont se nouent, lors du proces, de veritables carrieres testimoniales. En definitive, en mesurant l’ecart qui separe « la » victime de 1945 de celle d’aujourd’hui, il s’agit de reflechir aux conditions sociohistoriques d’emergence de cette figure contemporaine de la victime cherchant une reconnaissance (individuelle) de son statut par voie judiciaire
寻找受害者。在纽伦堡审判中遇难并获救
本文考察了1945-1946年纽伦堡国际审判中受害者的地位和地位。根据各种来源,它表明受害者是集体和国家角度考虑的,而不是个别遭受苦难的个人;盟军法律小组的工作以及动员犹太受害者在检察官办公室或至少作为法庭之友的正式代表证明了这一点。文章随后转向被控方引用为证人的14名受害者。它探讨了赋予他们证词的意义,他们夸大自己角色的能力,以及审判如何促进了特定的“证词职业”。最后,通过衡量1945年的“受害者”与今天的“受害者”之间的差距,本文反思了通过司法手段寻求(个人)承认其法规的当代受害者形象的出现。法国《纽伦堡国际程序受难者地位的审讯》(1945-1946年)。来源各不相同,我将在国外对受害者进行监测,而不是对集体和国家进行监测,对个人进行监测,对个人进行监测;我们不需要在法庭上为法官辩护,也不需要为法官辩护,也不需要为受害者辩护,也不需要为未成年人辩护,也不需要为法庭之友辩护。本文将探讨“犯罪行为”、“犯罪行为”、“犯罪行为”、“犯罪行为”、“犯罪行为”、“犯罪行为”、“犯罪行为”、“犯罪行为”、“犯罪行为”、“犯罪行为”和“犯罪行为”。“决定性地,定量地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”,“决定性地”
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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