Synthesis and Characterization of Cao Catalyst from Snakehead Fishbone Impregnated on Fly Ash for Palm Oil Transesterification

Abstract

Waste is organic and inorganic materials from factories and households that are not used that can cause environmental pollution. Some of the waste that is widely found in the South Sumatra region is snakehead fishbone waste from the food industry, and coal fly ash from the Steam Power Plant. Snakehead fishbone contain 39.836% calcium. Meanwhile, fly ash is beneficial for catalyst support in transesterification reactions because it has a large surface area and pore size. Based on this description, it is necessary to use waste as a valuable product. One solution is to make a catalyst with CaO as raw material from snakehead fish bones and fly ash as a support, using calcination and impregnation methods. This research aims to produce a catalyst with a short reaction time and calculate the reaction rate with a large % yield. This research was conducted using the wet impregnation method with variations in impregnation temperature (70, 80) oC and variations in the mass of CaO added when impregnated (80, 90, 100) grams, stirring speed 700 rpm, and weight of fly ash 90 grams, with a long time. Transesterification reaction (30, 60, 90, 120) minutes at 60°C using palm oil. The results of this study indicate that the impregnation temperature and the mass of CaO added to the catalyst impregnation stage affect the % yield produced, reaction rate, and reaction time. From this research, it is known that the best catalyst has an impregnation temperature of 80°C, and a mass of CaO 100 grams, with a reaction time of 120 minutes capable of producing methyl ester of 98.55%, with a reaction rate of 4.44×10 -6 mol/gramcat.s. The optimum catalyst has a characterization of 96.03% Ca absorption %, a specific surface area of 70.78 m/g, and the FTIR test results show that CaO is present in the CaO/ fly ash catalyst with an intensity of (77-94) %, at wavenumber (507-592) cm