Detection Methods of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOS): Review

Abstract

A living organism is considered a genetically modified organism (GMO) when a new foreign DNA segment or transgene is inserted into it to create a new trait. The field of biotechnology is currently developing at a rapid pace, with more traits and applications emerging every day. Due to concerns about the environment and living organisms, societies have not yet accepted this technology. Countries adhere to a strict biosafety protocol to reduce their fear of this issue and detect DNA and GMO protein molecules using a variety of mechanisms to ensure biotechnology products are free of foreign material or contain it at a level below the threshold, if it is present. Based on the quantity and quality of DNA and protein in these samples, these detections are made. Quantitative detection is crucial for determining the GMO threshold for each sample. The DNA-based detection of GMOs using various PCRs, either qualitatively or quantitatively is one of these detection techniques. The second most popular technique for determining how much a protein is expressed in a side organism is protein-based detection. DNA microarray, biosensors, chromatography, and DNA sequencing can all be used to find GMOs. The availability of accurate and sensitive GMO detection techniques allows us to control the presence of GMOs in crops, foods, and ingredient sources.