AI Extenders: The Ethical and Societal Implications of Humans Cognitively Extended by AI

Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society Pub Date : 2019-01-27 DOI:10.1145/3306618.3314238

J. Hernández-Orallo, Karina Vold

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引用次数: 42

Abstract

Humans and AI systems are usually portrayed as separate systems that we need to align in values and goals. However, there is a great deal of AI technology found in non-autonomous systems that are used as cognitive tools by humans. Under the extended mind thesis, the functional contributions of these tools become as essential to our cognition as our brains. But AI can take cognitive extension towards totally new capabilities, posing new philosophical, ethical and technical challenges. To analyse these challenges better, we define and place AI extenders in a continuum between fully-externalized systems, loosely coupled with humans, and fully internalized processes, with operations ultimately performed by the brain, making the tool redundant. We dissect the landscape of cognitive capabilities that can foreseeably be extended by AI and examine their ethical implications.We suggest that cognitive extenders using AI be treated as distinct from other cognitive enhancers by all relevant stakeholders, including developers, policy makers, and human users.

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人工智能扩展:人工智能认知扩展对人类的伦理和社会影响

人类和人工智能系统通常被描绘成独立的系统，我们需要在价值观和目标上保持一致。然而，在非自治系统中发现了大量人工智能技术，这些技术被人类用作认知工具。在扩展思维理论下，这些工具的功能贡献对我们的认知和我们的大脑一样重要。但人工智能可以将认知延伸到全新的能力，带来新的哲学、伦理和技术挑战。为了更好地分析这些挑战，我们定义并将人工智能扩展器置于完全外部化系统之间的连续体中，与人类松散耦合，完全内部化过程，最终由大脑执行操作，使工具变得多余。我们剖析了人工智能可以预见地扩展的认知能力的前景，并研究了它们的伦理含义。我们建议所有相关利益相关者，包括开发人员、政策制定者和人类用户，将使用人工智能的认知扩展者与其他认知增强者区别对待。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society

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