Labor Market Effects of Urban Riots: An Experimental Assessment

Emmanuel Duguet, David Gray, Yannick L’Horty, L. Parquet, P. Petit
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引用次数: 7

Abstract

We propose to measure the effects of urban riots on the labour market prospects of workers residing in affected areas through the channel of labour market discrimination based on locality. We investigate the case of the French riots of 2007, which were very geographically concentrated. The town of Villiers-le-Bel is selected as the treatment unit because it received a uniquely high degree of unfavourable exposure in the media. Two other towns serve control groups: i) Sarcelles, which is contiguous to Villiers-le-Bel, has a similar socio-economic-demographic profile, and did experience some rioting activity, and ii) Enghien-les-Bains, which is considered to be economically advantaged and did not experience rioting activity. Using the technique of correspondence testing, we are able to discern disparities in call-back rates for fictitious candidates who respond to actual job postings over four dimensions: gender, ethnic origin, locality of residence (advantaged vs. disadvantaged), and the degree of media exposure during the riots. We propose a new empirical approach to measure discrimination across several dimensions that integrates a set of relevant parameters into one unified system of equations with a compact and tidy structure. We decomposed the probability of receiving a callback for any candidate of given characteristics as a function of several parameters that are evaluated through difference-in-differences estimators. We find statistically significant negative effects of a pure media exposure effect. All other factors held constant, people residing in the area which received negative publicity were 3.2 percentage points less likely to receive a callback. The group of workers who tend to be the most associated with the riots, i.e. men of North African origin (at least in terms of perceptions), are the least affected by potential discrimination by region of residence, while women of French origin are the most affected.
城市暴乱的劳动力市场效应:一个实验评估
我们建议通过基于地方的劳动力市场歧视渠道来衡量城市骚乱对居住在受影响地区的工人劳动力市场前景的影响。我们调查了2007年法国骚乱的案例,它在地理上非常集中。Villiers-le-Bel镇被选为治疗单位,因为它在媒体上受到了独特的高度不利的曝光。另外两个城镇作为对照组:1)Sarcelles,与Villiers-le-Bel相邻,具有类似的社会经济-人口特征,并且确实经历了一些骚乱活动;2)Enghien-les-Bains,被认为具有经济优势,并且没有经历骚乱活动。使用对应测试技术,我们能够在四个维度上辨别出虚拟候选人对实际招聘信息的回复率差异:性别、种族、居住地(优势与劣势)以及骚乱期间媒体曝光的程度。我们提出了一种新的经验方法来测量跨几个维度的歧视,该方法将一组相关参数集成到一个具有紧凑和整洁结构的统一方程组中。我们将接收给定特征的任何候选回调的概率分解为通过差中差估计器评估的几个参数的函数。我们发现纯粹的媒体暴露效应在统计上有显著的负面影响。所有其他因素保持不变,居住在受到负面宣传的地区的人收到回调的可能性要低3.2个百分点。与骚乱联系最紧密的工人群体,即北非裔男性(至少在观念上),受到居住地区潜在歧视的影响最小,而法国裔女性受到的影响最大。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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