Le droit public face aux populismes en Europe: les cas de la Pologne et de la Hongrie

J. Cardoso, Ákos Cserny, Beatrix Borbas, Lukasz Urbaniak
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Abstract

Populism is by no means a legal term, and its conceptual matrix is unclear. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge for Public law, as populist trends challenge the notion of the rule of law and the formal mechanisms for the protection of fundamental rights. The European context illustrates this challenge. In this context, this contribution addresses three points: first, in general terms, the concept of populism is considered in its potential contacts with Public law issues; second, the cases of Poland and Hungary over the last decade are developed, highlighting their contexts and the way in which political and legal institutions, and more specifically constitutional courts, have been able to respond to populist trends. Finally, a concluding point discusses the lessons that can be drawn from these European cases, not only with regard to Poland and Hungary, but more broadly at the European and international levels. The article permits to identify the shortcomings of the instruments for the protection of fundamental rights, which are also the shortcomings of a still incomplete European Public law.
欧洲的公法与民粹主义:波兰和匈牙利的案例
民粹主义绝不是一个法律术语,其概念矩阵也不明确。然而,它仍然是公法的一个挑战,因为民粹主义趋势挑战法治的概念和保护基本权利的正式机制。欧洲的情况说明了这一挑战。在此背景下,本贡献涉及三点:首先,一般而言,民粹主义的概念是在其与公法问题的潜在联系中考虑的;其次,过去十年波兰和匈牙利的案例得到了发展,突出了它们的背景以及政治和法律机构(更具体地说,是宪法法院)能够对民粹主义趋势做出反应的方式。最后,结束语讨论了可以从这些欧洲案例中吸取的教训,不仅涉及波兰和匈牙利,而且更广泛地涉及欧洲和国际层面。该条允许确定保护基本权利的文书的缺点,这些缺点也是仍然不完整的欧洲公法的缺点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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