Evidence of a Global Gravitational Potential

Abstract

Abstract Substantial evidence of a global gravitational potential is discussed including galaxy counts, angular size-redshift relations, SNIa and large-scale B-mode polarization within the cosmic background radiation. Local morphological luminosity functions are derived from several surveys and transformed to the BRIHK-bands through color-magnitude relations. These precise luminosity functions are applied to determine the necessary evolution for LCDM and universe with global gravitational potential. Galaxy counts and redshift distributions are found to be in agreement with the later up to 0.25z, where the existence of a local hole has been recently proposed at optical and near infrared wavelengths. Several angular diameter-redshift tests are provided with models of evolution to confirm the galaxy results. Large-scale B-mode polarization of the CMB further provides a 3.5 sigma detection using WMAP three year polarization data, with the center of a cosmological-scale potential in the direction of (8.1° ± 10.1°, 4.9° ± 11.0°).