Chapter 4: Methods of Psychological Remediation of Emotional Disorders on Children

A. Soboleva, S. Egorova, V. Savenko
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Abstract

Parents usually come to the A.R. Luria Pediatric Neuropsychology Research Center (PNRC) with children with learning difficulties that are manifested in attentional defects; difficulties assimilating the school program; impaired interaction with teachers and peers; behavioral abnormalities; emotional immaturity; and lack of formation of a sense of responsibility, communication skills and adaptive behavior. It is well known from discussions with parents that before coming to the Center most of them attempted to improve their children’s academic performance with the aid of supplemental educational activities (in school or with tutors), tightening discipline, or resorting to medical care. None of these methods, however, was successful: for a short time the quality of the children’s behavior and learning would improve, but then would return to the previous level, which would create a constant reason for rebukes from teachers and the school administration. As a result, the parents were forced to look for other means of assistance, and this search brought them to the PNRC. When parents come to the PNRC with a child, the work is structured as follows: at the first meeting with a psychologist, the Center’s specialists not only study the medical and pedagogical documentation, examining the child’s level of performance and the nature of his mistakes in written work, but also analyze (with the aid of a specially designed questionnaire) the history of the child’s prenatal, perinatal, and early postnatal development in order to identify the psychological, biological, and social mechanisms of the difficulties being experienced by the child. The child is then sent for an examination to a neuropsychologist and a psychologist who specializes in emotional and personality problems. This examination is aimed at
第四章:儿童情绪障碍的心理修复方法
家长通常带着表现为注意缺陷的学习困难儿童来到A.R. Luria儿童神经心理学研究中心(PNRC);难以吸收学校课程;与老师和同伴的互动受损;行为异常;情感不成熟;而缺乏责任心、沟通能力和适应性行为的形成。从与家长的讨论中可以得知,在来中心之前,他们中的大多数人试图通过补充教育活动(在学校或与导师一起)、加强纪律或求助于医疗来提高孩子的学习成绩。然而,这些方法都不成功:在短时间内,孩子们的行为和学习质量会有所改善,但随后又会回到以前的水平,这将成为老师和学校管理部门不断指责的理由。结果,父母们被迫寻找其他的帮助方式,而这种寻找把他们带到了PNRC。当父母带着孩子来到PNRC时,工作结构如下:在与心理学家的第一次会面中,中心的专家不仅研究医学和教学文件,检查儿童的表现水平及其书面作业错误的性质,而且还(借助专门设计的问卷)分析儿童的产前、围产期和产后早期发展历史,以确定儿童所经历的困难的心理、生物和社会机制。然后,孩子被送到神经心理学家和专门研究情感和人格问题的心理学家那里接受检查。这次考试的目的是
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