Insulin Resistance

Sunanda Ashutosh Chaoji
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Abstract

The twin epidemic of ‘Diabesity’-diabetes and obesity, all over the world, both in developed and developing countries, has brought the issue of insulin resistance (IR) into new focus of research. Apart from Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), IR is implicated in many other clinical syndromes because of its varied metabolic and mitogenic actions. IR has been found to play important pivotal role in pathophysiology of diabesity. IR is defined as when a normal or higher insulin level fails to produce expected biological response; one predominantly affecting insulin mediated glucose disposal 20–30% reduction in the number of insulin receptors on the target cells is observed in majority of Type 2 DM patients but 1/3 of the patients may not manifest loss of number of receptors; therefore, defective post-receptor signalling is considered as the main cause of IR. Main sites of IR are liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscles. Apart from Type 2 DM, many other clinical and genetic syndromes are associated with IR.
胰岛素抵抗
糖尿病和肥胖症这两种“糖尿病”在世界范围内的流行,无论是在发达国家还是在发展中国家,都使胰岛素抵抗问题成为新的研究热点。除了2型糖尿病(DM)外,由于其多种代谢和有丝分裂作用,IR还涉及许多其他临床综合征。IR在糖尿病的病理生理中起着重要的作用。IR被定义为正常或较高的胰岛素水平不能产生预期的生物反应;一种主要影响胰岛素介导的葡萄糖处理,在大多数2型糖尿病患者中观察到靶细胞上胰岛素受体数量减少20-30%,但1/3的患者可能没有表现出受体数量的减少;因此,受体后信号传导缺陷被认为是IR的主要原因。IR的主要部位是肝脏、脂肪组织和骨骼肌。除2型糖尿病外,许多其他临床和遗传综合征与IR有关。
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