First Report Of New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase (NDM) Producing Citrobacter Braakii Isolated From Diabetic Foot Infection In Iraq

Abstract

Background: Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is an infection in soft tissue or bone in patient with diabetes mellitus, Citrobacter species are infrequent nosocomial pathogens and cause a range of infections. the aim of the current study we report the isolation of carbapenem genes among Citrobacter species isolated from DFI. Methods: about 111 swabs specimen were collection from patient suspected with DFI during the period of study, determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Citrobacter spp isolates by using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method to 23 antimicrobial agents according to the CLSI (2021). Molecular detection for MBL genes by multiplex PCR. Results: from 111 swabs specimen Citrobacter spp isolates had represented in 3 (4.34%) among Gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that one isolate of Citrobacter braakii was MDR and the other isolates was PDR. The PCR data of MBL genes revealed that the frequency of MBL genes among Citrobacter braakii  as following blaVIM, blaNDM, and blaSIM  were 100%. Conclusion: the study show the appear MDR and PDR among Citrobacter species and Citrobacter braakii isolate carry  the MBL genes (blaVIM, blaNDM,, and blaSIM) where  the dissemination of NDM producing Citrobacter braakii considered first reported in Iraq.