Current Standards and Regulations for Wireless Battery Charging Systems

Abstract

With the unprecedented development of electric vehicles that require high-power fast charging systems, wireless charging systems have not been lately of the same interest to the public and EV manufacturers as they were a decade ago. Most of the systems that are currently used are based on conductive (plug-in) charging. In fact, the situation is different: the requirements have changed lately with the proliferation of autonomous and connected vehicles operating in the air, in the water and on land (roads and factories), for which the automatic charging of batteries with no human intervention and no contact is a mandatory condition. That is why regulatory and standardization bodies around the world carry out an intense activity in the field of wireless charging. After the successful implementation of low-power wireless systems for medicine and mobile terminals, maintaining the level of the electromagnetic effects on the population within specified limits and the concept of interoperability between systems have become mandatory for high-power wireless systems. The paper draws attention to the fact that, although the standards in any field of activity are not mandatory, they represent an irreplaceable guide for both researchers and designers who develop applications to produce and market them. The paper presents the current state of standardization of wireless charging systems for electric power, both in terms of functionality and electromagnetic compatibility.