Design of a typology of psychomotor tasks as a basis for the development of pupils’ creativity in technically oriented subjects at primary school

Abstract

A characteristic element of technically oriented subjects is the focus on a valuable, innovative product and related educational results achieved by the student’s activities. Strategies for teaching these disciplines are usually dominated by practical activities aimed at developing psychomotor skills in the technical field. This should be initiated by appropriate learning tasks aimed at realising the learning objectives. The determining importance of teaching goals for the implementation of teaching in terms of content and process is summarized by M. Pasch [1] under the term the principle of congruence. The issue of learning tasks in technically oriented subjects has not yet been comprehensively developed in pedagogical theory for the development of psychomotor skills, as is the case, for example, at the level of cognitive tasks [2] or creative tasks [3], [4]. The aim of the paper is to present the theoretical basis and typology of psychomotor tasks, which will serve as a basis for the development of pupils’ creativity in technically oriented subjects. Creativity as a key feature of the 21st century is declining in many areas of human activity. Technical creativity is largely conditioned by a good mastery of psychomotor activities. In pedagogical practice, teachers can apply various strategies for the development of pupil creativity based on the development of an elementary knowledge base, important in the context of the subject for the acquisition of skills and competencies. The presented proposal of the typology of psychomotor tasks was created on the basis of content analysis of documents and a search of professional literature focused on the taxonomy of tasks and the development of the skill dimension of the pupil in technically oriented subjects. The paper brings to the professional discussion a new theoretical concept of learning tasks for the development of psychomotor skills in technical education, in which it is desirable to educate especially creative and skilled young people [5], [6], [7].