Tracing the historical and ideological roots of services for people with intellectual disabilities in Austria

G. Kremsner, Oliver Koenig, T. Buchner
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

This chapter begins with an exploration of the production and development of eugenic discourses, explicitly adopted by institutions at the beginning of the 20th century and subsequently reaching their height during the Nazi regime, Though officially condemned, these discourses continued to influence service provision after 1945, when most people with intellectual disabilities who did not live with their families had to live in psychiatric hospitals or large Christian or state-run institutions. Parent-led organisations, developing from the mid-1960s, led to the first significant change in quality of services for persons with intellectual disabilities. In the late 1970s, the adoption of new ideas of normalisation and integration led to the implementation of de-institutionalisation programmes. These however left some large institutional settings untouched and, despite several policy changes and efforts to create a more personalised system of care since the 2000s, the institutional system of service provision continues to cause serious problems, and eugenic discourses and practices endure.
追溯奥地利为智障人士提供服务的历史和意识形态根源
本章首先探讨优生话语的产生和发展,优生话语在20世纪初被机构明确采用,随后在纳粹政权期间达到顶峰,尽管受到官方谴责,但这些话语在1945年之后继续影响服务提供,当时大多数没有与家人住在一起的智障人士不得不住在精神病院或大型基督教或国营机构。自20世纪60年代中期发展起来的由家长领导的组织,导致了为智障人士提供的服务质量的第一次重大变化。在20世纪70年代末,采用正常化和一体化的新思想导致了去机构化方案的实施。然而,这些都没有触及一些大型机构的设置,尽管自2000年代以来,一些政策变化和努力创造了一个更加个性化的护理系统,但服务提供的制度系统继续造成严重的问题,优生学的话语和实践持续存在。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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