Fertility in Real Generations of Russian Women: Trends and Regional Differences

V. Arkhangelskiy
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The subject of the research is fertility trends in real generations of women in Russia. The relevance of the research stems from the fact that the majority of works devoted to the analysis of the fertility trends and the possible impact of demographic policies thereon in Russia are based on the use of calendar birth rates (total, special, age, total coefficient, etc.) subject to timing fluctuations, e.g. earlier childbirth due to favorable circumstances. The influence of this factor can be bypassed by using birth rates for real generations. The purpose of the paper was to analyze the dynamics of generational changes in birth rates and their regional differences. The results of the analysis showed that after a significant reduction in the average number of children born in the generations of women of the 1960s — early 1970s, the value slightly increased for women of the mid- and late 1970s. and would probably be somewhat higher for women born in the 1980s. The proportion of women who gave birth to at least one child is decreasing hampering the increase in the average number of children born in real generations. On the contrary, an increase in the proportion of women who gave birth to the second and third child contributes to this increase. While the share of those who gave birth to the second child among women who gave birth to the first child in the generations of the late 1970s, despite a significant increase, is lower than among women of the mid‑1950s, the proportion of those who gave birth to the third child among women who gave birth to the second child, is higher than in older generations. The increase in the proportion of women in the generations of the late 1970s who gave birth to the second and third children is to some extent due to more active measures for supporting families with children that are largely focused on supporting second and subsequent births of children. If the implementation of measures for supporting families with children in the 1980s helped to smooth out the difference in the average age of the mother who gave birth to the second and first child from 4.53 years in the generation of women born in 1950 up to 3.31 years in the generation of 1963, then in younger women the difference tended to increase and now it is the maximum for women of 1975. (5.91 years). It is concluded that the policy of encouraging child bearing needs to be continued.
俄罗斯几代女性的生育率:趋势和地区差异
这项研究的主题是俄罗斯实际几代女性的生育趋势。这项研究的相关性源于这样一个事实,即专门分析俄罗斯生育率趋势和人口政策可能对其产生的影响的大多数工作都是基于使用受时间波动影响的日历出生率(总数、特殊、年龄、总系数等),例如由于有利环境而提前分娩。这个因素的影响可以通过使用实际世代的出生率来绕过。本文的目的是分析出生率代际变化的动态及其区域差异。分析结果显示,在60年代至70年代初的几代女性平均生育子女数量显著减少之后,70年代中后期的女性平均生育子女数量略有增加。对于80后女性来说,这一比例可能会更高一些。至少生育一个孩子的女性比例正在减少,这阻碍了实际世代平均生育人数的增加。相反,生育第二个和第三个孩子的妇女比例的增加促成了这一增长。在70年代末生育第一胎的妇女中,生育第二胎的妇女所占比例尽管有显著增加,但低于50年代中期的妇女,而在生育第二胎的妇女中,生育第三胎的妇女所占比例高于老一辈。20世纪70年代末生育第二胎和第三胎的妇女比例增加,在某种程度上是由于对有子女家庭采取了更积极的支持措施,这些措施主要侧重于支持第二胎和以后的生育。如果说1980年代实施的扶养子女家庭措施有助于消除生育第二胎和第一胎的母亲的平均年龄从1950年出生的一代妇女的4.53岁到1963年出生的一代妇女的3.31岁之间的差距,那么在较年轻的妇女中,这一差距趋于扩大,目前在1975年妇女中达到最大值。(5.91年)。结论是,鼓励生育的政策需要继续下去。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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