Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion

Abstract

Millions of Americans suffer from traumatic brain injuries and concussion each year. It used to be thought that recovery from a noncomplicated concussion was quick and easy. However, recent research has shown that multiple physiological mechanisms may result from a single impact to the head, and worsen with subsequent injuries. Head injuries have been shown to affect different systems of the body, including the endocrine system, the immune system, and maintenance of the gastrointestinal microbiome. This chapter will review these mechanisms, the sequelae of head injury, and the importance of conducting a thorough evaluation. Integrative methods of treatment and management will be discussed.