The Mediterranean diet biodiversity impact on metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in type 2 diabetes

Abstract

The aim of this study is to show the relationship between the adherence score to the Midetaraneen diet and the effects of metformin and insulin on metabolic disorders and oxydatif stress markers in Algerian men with T2D, in order to recommend the best treatment, which can minimize diabetes complications and demonstrate the value of adapting a Mediterranean diet in the management of T2D. Patients and Methods: We made this study on 120 men recruited from Sabra and 120 men recruited from Maghnia, Tlemcen (Algeria). Each group is divided into four groups (30 healthy control, 30 T2D without treatment, 30 T2D with metformin, and 30 T2D with insulin). A 14-item dietary questionnaire was applied to each individual to define adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Blood samples are collected for the determination of biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol, high and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and oxidative markers (superoxide anion, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, carbonyl proteins, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, vitamin C, catalase, glutathione). Our results show that type 2 diabetics from Maghnia have a higher adherence score to the Midetaranean diet compared to those from Sabra. This difference is related to the dietary and cultural diversity of each region. Moreover, Our results show that insulin reduces more lipid parameters than metformin, moreover, the oxidant/antioxidant status became normal in patients treated with metformin especially in Maghnia patients compared to Sabra diabetics. Conclusion: Insulin treatment is more effective in improving the lipid profile than metformin treatment. In addition, the combination of metformin, which reverses the redox changes associated with diabetes, and insulin, which improves all lipid profiles, should be prescribed in patients with type 2 diabetes in diabetics with high oxidative stress and hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, the adaptation of a Mediterranean diet in Maghnia men has provided good control of type 2 diabetes.