Why did the Scarborough Bluffs Collapse? Earthquakes, Rock Bump, Volcanic Explosions, and Large-Scale Rockslides as a Routine Rock Heaving Process

Abstract

The theoretical foundations of the causes of rock swelling took shape in the 60-70s of the last a century and did not receive further development. In this area of the scientific problem, the an illusion has arisen that in the mining and geophysical fields of research, the process of rock swelling takes up an insignificant place, it has been completely studied, and it makes no sense to look for new approaches to explain it. But scientific facts strictly indicate that the process of rock swelling is underestimated and is the main cause of earthquakes, rock bump, sudden outbursts of rock and gas, explosions of volcanoes, and landslides. In fact, the process of rock swelling is a process of deformation of rocks with a period of time from several hours to several years with the possibility of avalanche-like swelling of rocks in a short period of time with the appearance of a force pulse in the form of a shock wave, which can cause an earthquake, volcano explosion, rock-slide, rock bump, the sudden outburst of rock and gas in the mines. The article substantiates the hypothesis of an avalanche-like restructuring of the crystal lattice of a geological body and, as a consequence of this process, to a lightning-fast change in its volume, that is, to the process of heaving of rocks at a high speed, which, in our opinion, is the cause of the collapse of The Scarborough Bluffs, Toronto, Canada on 23.08. 2020, earthquakes, rock bumps, volcanic explosions, and landslides.