Compact & Efficient Monopole Antenna Designs Based on AI-Driven EM Optimization Techniques

Abstract

In this present paper, two compact and efficient printed monopole antennas of different shapes such as circular shaped & rectangular shaped are investigated based on the EM optimization techniques. The proposed antennas are capable of covering out GSM 1800 (1.8 GHz), UMTS (2.1 GHz), LTE (2.3-2.4 GHz), Wi-Fi(2.4 GHz), ISM (2.4-2.5 GHz), LTE-Advanced (2.5 GHz), WiMAX (3.6 GHz), WLAN (5.2/5.S GHz), and IEEE 802.11 b/g/n (2.4/5.2 GHz) frequency bands. They are designed using the EM solver CST-microwave studio 2022, in which FR-4 substrate is used, a low cost commercially available substrate. The sizes of antennas are $80\times 60\times 1.6\mathrm{mm}^{3}$. To study the use of optimization in the printed monopole antenna, both of designed antennas are interpreted with the EM optimization techniques, available in the CST-MWS’22 platform. The optimized printed circular shaped monopole antenna (PCSMA) exhibits a −10dB impedance bandwidth of 1.3-7.4 GHz (6.1 GHz) with average realized gain of 3.98 dB & antenna efficiency of 90%, whereas printed rectangular shaped monopole antenna (PRSMA) offers −10dB impedance bandwidth of 1.3-7.45 GHz (6.15 GHz) with average realized gain of 4.21 dB & antenna efficiency of 93%. With outlined outcomes, the proposed antennas can be utilized in the case of RF energy harvesting, RFID Tags, & even can be extended to onboard telemetry applications.