Fetal Deaths in High-Income Countries

S. Lisonkova, K. Joseph
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Abstract

Fetal death refers to the death of a post-embryonic product of conception while in utero or during childbirth, and it is one of the most distressing events faced by women and families. Birth following spontaneous fetal death is termed “miscarriage” if it occurs early in gestation, and “stillbirth,” if it occurs beyond the point of viability. There are substantial between-country differences in the criteria used for reporting stillbirths and these differences compromise international comparisons of stillbirth rates. In high-income countries, a majority of fetal deaths occur due to genetic causes, fetal infection, or other pregnancy complications. Congenital anomalies, placental insufficiency, and/or intrauterine growth restriction are frequent antecedents of fetal death. Maternal risk factors include advanced maternal age, high body mass index, smoking and substance use during pregnancy, prior stillbirth, chronic morbidity, and multifetal pregnancy. Disparities in education and socioeconomic status and other factors influencing maternal health also contribute to elevated rates of stillbirth among vulnerable women.
高收入国家的胎儿死亡
胎儿死亡是指在子宫内或分娩期间怀孕的胚胎后产物死亡,是妇女和家庭面临的最令人痛苦的事件之一。如果发生在妊娠早期,自然死亡后的分娩称为“流产”,如果发生在生存能力之外,则称为“死胎”。在报告死产的标准上,国家之间存在很大差异,这些差异影响了死产率的国际比较。在高收入国家,大多数胎儿死亡是由于遗传原因、胎儿感染或其他妊娠并发症造成的。先天性异常、胎盘功能不全和/或宫内生长受限是胎儿死亡的常见先兆。产妇危险因素包括高龄产妇、高体重指数、孕期吸烟和药物使用、既往死产、慢性发病率和多胎妊娠。教育和社会经济地位的差异以及影响孕产妇健康的其他因素也导致弱势妇女的死产率升高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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