Analysis of Gender Related Foot Morphology in Iraqi Adults Using Videogrammetry During Gait

Abstract

Foot morphology is fundamental for both footwear design and forensic investigations. The aim of the study was to analyze gender with regard to differences in foot morphology during gait. 14-Iraqi adults (7 females and 7 males) were recruited. Eleven reference points on the right foot and twelve anthropometric foot dimensions were measured and captured using 7-smartphone camera videos and videogrammetry. They were used to measure the 3-dimensional coordinates of points on a foot that are captured by measurements made in seven video images taken from various angles. The mean differences of the length of the medial ball, foot breadth, instep breadth, malleolus breadth and medial malleolus height between females and males are 4.710, 2.682, 2.402, 2.011, 0.135 respectively, indicating that the males have greater foot breadth, instep breadth, malleolus breadth, length of medial ball and medial malleolus height than the females. This study may add knowledge about the characteristics of Iraqi feet, which may be useful in the fields of shoe manufacturing, medical issues and investigation of crimes.