COMPETITIVE ANXIETY IN SPORTS. THE VIEW OF AN ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGIST

N. Fedunina
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Abstract

The success of sports activity in a competitive situation is largely determined by psychological readiness, how the athlete’s mental apparatus is configured, how much the athlete is able to cope with the challenges of a competitive situation, the mental mechanisms that the athlete uses to cope with anxiety. In the article, the situations of competitive difficulties are considered from the point of view of the theory of object relations, microdynamic shifts in the intrapsychic reality of an athlete. In a situation of increased anxiety and the difficulties of its processing, primitive mental defenses can be involved: splitting, idealization, projection, denial of external and internal reality, projective identification. Their most typical consequences are feelings of self-doubt, a decrease in the accuracy of understanding and anticipation of the opponent’s actions, a feeling of muscle stiffness, underestimation/ overestimation of the opponent, a decrease in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sports action. The article presents two cases of athletes of different sports qualifications, on the basis of which the manifestations and consequences of these primitive forms of protection are discussed. It also describes the specifics of the position of a psychologist in sports, the importance of understanding the mental reality of an athlete, the needs behind anxiety, as well as the need for help in integrating the “I”, despite the prevailing target orientation for a quick result.
运动中的竞争焦虑。分析心理学家的观点
在竞争环境中体育活动的成功很大程度上取决于心理准备程度,运动员的心理装置是如何配置的,运动员在多大程度上能够应对竞争环境的挑战,运动员用来应对焦虑的心理机制。本文从客体关系理论的角度,从运动员心理现实的微动力变化的角度,对竞技困难情境进行了分析。在焦虑加剧及其处理困难的情况下,可能涉及原始心理防御:分裂,理想化,投射,否认外部和内部现实,投射认同。他们最典型的后果是自我怀疑的感觉,对对手动作的理解和预期的准确性下降,肌肉僵硬的感觉,对对手的低估/高估,运动动作的定量和定性特征的减少。本文以两个不同运动资格的运动员为例,在此基础上探讨了这些原始保护形式的表现和后果。它还描述了心理学家在体育运动中的具体地位,理解运动员心理现实的重要性,焦虑背后的需求,以及在整合“我”方面的帮助需求,尽管普遍的目标导向是快速的结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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