Artikel Review: Interaksi Silang Pensinyalan WNT dan TGF-β pada Kanker Paru dengan MikroRNA sebagai Mayoritas Regulator

Abstract

The discovery and development of potential therapies to reduce the incidence and mortality of lung cancer is still a challenge. Consequently, identifying an effective therapeutic regimen is necessary for tumor progression in cancer at the molecular level due to genetic changes in various signaling pathways that regulate the biological processes involved during carcinogenesis. WNT and TGF-β signaling have been widely identified in several studies, with regards to the interaction of both in pulmonary tumorigenesis although they have not been adequately reviewed clearly. Hence, an assessment of 10 research articles was conducted online through the MeSH PubMed database with the keywords “Receptors, Wnt/Wnt Signaling Pathway/Wnt Proteins” AND “Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/Transforming Growth Factor beta” AND “Lung Neoplasms/Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung”, to compile an overview of the crosstalk. Furthermore, the crosstalk between WNT and TGF-β signaling regulates the programming of Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) during tumorigenesis and prognosis of lung cancer that leads to metastasis, increased aggressiveness, and tumor chemoresistance. The crosstalk of WNT and TGF-β signaling in lung cancer can occur directly at the level of their transcription complex or by involving an important mediator, most of which is played by microRNA. There are several microRNAs identified in regulating crosstalk between WNT signaling and TGF-β, such as miR-1827, miR-3127-5p, and miR-128-3p. The discussion implies a high opportunity for the simultaneous and effective suppression of both WNT and TGF-β pathways by targeting a molecule that has the potential for lung cancer.