{"title":"Hand-Held texting is less distracting than texting with the phone in a holder: anyway, don't do it","authors":"T. Kujala, Hilkka Grahn, Niina Holmstedt","doi":"10.1145/2818187.2818270","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We studied the effects of texting while driving and the effects of mobile phone position (hand-held, holder) on drivers' lane-keeping performance, experienced workload, and in-car glance durations in a motion-platform driving simulator with 24 participants. Overall, we found the known negative effects of texting on lane-keeping performance, workload, and visual attention on road, suggesting that texting on the road in any manner is not risk-free. As a novel finding, we found that hand-held texting led to fewer lane-keeping errors and shorter total glance times off road compared to texting with the phone in a holder. We suggest the explanation is that the drivers had considerably more experience on texting hand-held than texting with the phone in a holder. In addition, the instability caused by the movements of the simulator was presumably easier to control while the phone was in hand compared to the holder. Surprisingly, there was a significant inverse correlation between the distance of the phone from the driving scene and total in-car glance duration as well as the number of in-car glances. The finding suggests that the participants made more inefficient but brief in-car glances towards the phone when the phone was closer to the driving scene than farther apart. The findings should be considered when planning legislation and designing novel in-car touch screen based interaction methods to replace interactions with mobile phones while driving.","PeriodicalId":243393,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Mindtrek Conference","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2015-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"4","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Mindtrek Conference","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2818187.2818270","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Abstract
We studied the effects of texting while driving and the effects of mobile phone position (hand-held, holder) on drivers' lane-keeping performance, experienced workload, and in-car glance durations in a motion-platform driving simulator with 24 participants. Overall, we found the known negative effects of texting on lane-keeping performance, workload, and visual attention on road, suggesting that texting on the road in any manner is not risk-free. As a novel finding, we found that hand-held texting led to fewer lane-keeping errors and shorter total glance times off road compared to texting with the phone in a holder. We suggest the explanation is that the drivers had considerably more experience on texting hand-held than texting with the phone in a holder. In addition, the instability caused by the movements of the simulator was presumably easier to control while the phone was in hand compared to the holder. Surprisingly, there was a significant inverse correlation between the distance of the phone from the driving scene and total in-car glance duration as well as the number of in-car glances. The finding suggests that the participants made more inefficient but brief in-car glances towards the phone when the phone was closer to the driving scene than farther apart. The findings should be considered when planning legislation and designing novel in-car touch screen based interaction methods to replace interactions with mobile phones while driving.