SCIENTIFIC TEXT AS A MEANS FOR REALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION STUDENTS IN EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Abstract

The article clarifies the peculiarities of the organization of educational and scientific research activity of higher education institution students, which is an important way to improve the quality of training and forming of specialists with an academic degree, able to creatively apply the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress, and opens opportunities for effective acquisition and use of knowledge; implements an individualized approach to learning; develops the ability to independently conduct research and summarize the investigation results; dominant tasks are characterized; the directions (educational research, scientific research and scientific organizational) and types of educational research activity of students (abstract, scientific reviews and articles, course and diploma papers) are analysed; the theoretical bases of stylistics and the concept of “style” are investigated; the substyles of the scientific style are analysed (proper scientific (academic, purely scientific); scientific and technical (production and technical); scientific humanitarian; scientific informative (scientific summarizing); scientific reference (reference-encyclopaedic). It is proved that the main purpose of scientific language is to create and produce the scientific text, by which we mean the highest communicative unit within scientific discourse, a holistic communicative block having a clear, logical structure and internally complete parts, saturated with relevant terminology, a set of constant text categories and a means of presenting scientific information, the results of scientific research. The levels of organization of the scientific text (linguistic-structural (operating with linguistic models); linguistic-cognitive (verbalized concepts in the text); communicative-rhetorical (means of persuasion in the scientific text); communicative-pragmatic (personal attitude of the one who produces a scientific text to the message) are investigated; the features of primary (monograph, dissertation, bachelor and master theses) and secondary (scientific article, abstracts, summaries, annotations, reviews, reports) scientific texts are characterized. The paper reveals the principles of compiling scientific texts: content saturation – innovativeness of the presented information, its cognitive value; professional core – the need for analysed information for a particular sphere; scientific informativeness – the author’s concept of the represented research; novelty of the scientific text – new observations and knowledge discoveries that can be implemented in practice; content completeness – the integrity of the presented statements; problematicity – coding of problematic issues; comprehensibility to a specialist in a particular field – apprehensibility of information and providing necessary conditions to understanding it; intertextuality – connection of the scientific text with other types of texts; text declarativeness – a clear comparative analysis of a particular process or phenomenon. The stages of work on the scientific text (organizational, research, generalization of research results) are studied. Requirements for the creation of scientific texts are defined: clear structure (division into chapters, sections, units, paragraphs and sentences that are closely related to each other), avoiding of repetitions (in particular, in conclusions to chapters and in final conclusions); deliberate use of graphic material; systemacity in the process of writing the text; avoidance of concepts that cannot be unambiguously interpreted; justified use of figures and facts; text coherence. The requirements to the structure of the scientific text (introduction, research part, conclusions) are covered.