Gas Production Potential in Geothermal-Energy-Enhanced CH4–CO2 Swapping Processes

Abstract

Carbon capture and storage has become a practice to reduce the greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) on the global climate. Recent studies have generated increasing concerns about CO2 leakage from underground structures. This has called for more research on CH4–CO2 swapping in natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoirs to lock CO2 in a solid state in underground structures. Because the CH4–CO2 swapping is too slow to be efficient, this study proposes to use geothermal energy to accelerate the process. This paper presents a technical feasibility analysis of using geothermal energy to assist CH4–CO2 swapping for simultaneously storing CO2 in NGH reservoirs and producing the dissociated natural gas. Mathematical models were developed to compute heat transfer from geothermal zones to NGH reservoirs. A case study was carried out using the data from an NGH reservoir in the Shenhu area, Northern South China Sea. The result of the case study indicates that heat conduction dictates the heat transfer process when the heat convection flow rate is less than 0.01 m3/s over a heat-releasing borehole length of 2,000 m. Heat convection can significantly accelerate the heat transfer inside the gas hydrate reservoir. The 15°C (designed gas hydrate dissociation temperature in the studied case) heat front will propagate to the upper and lower boundaries of the gas hydrate reservoir (39 ft or 12 m) in 220 days by heat conduction only. This time can be shortened to 140 days with the aid of a fluid convection rate of 0.005 m3/s. Geothermal heating can significantly increase the initial productivity of wells in heated gas hydrate reservoirs in CO2 swapping processes. When the gas hydrate reservoir is heated from 6 to 16°C, the fold of increase is expected to exceed five in the studied case. This study shows that CH4–CO2 swapping process using geothermal stimulation is a promising method for producing natural gas and locking CO2 permanently in NGH reservoirs. Further studies should first focus on investigations of the effect of CO2-hydrate formation on the CO2 mass transfer inside reservoirs.